TOP 20 GYM MISTAKES
1)you always stick to the same workout
2)u copy the hardcore gym members
3)u go everyday
4)you use gym for socialising
5)you exercise aimlessly
6)you only train on your own
7)you never take a break
8)you beat yourself up when you have a bad session
9)you confuse a tired brain with a tired body
10)you work through colds
11)you sticl to the machines
12)you don't warm up specifically
13)you don't time your rests between sets
14)you only ever use heavy weight to build muscles
15)you do too many workouts
16)you have ego
17)improper form
18)lack of consistency
19)poor meal plan
20)chit-chatting
Friday, December 31, 2010
ADVANTAGES OF CORRECT POSTURES
ADVANTAGES OF CORRECT POSTURE :-
The benefit of good posture make it a desirable factor to focus on .It considers the following advantages :-
1)effective breathing
2)improves concentration and thinking ability .
3)improves the personality
4)increases self-confidence
5)helps in avoiding orthopadic health complications
6)increase physical fitness .
The benefit of good posture make it a desirable factor to focus on .It considers the following advantages :-
1)effective breathing
2)improves concentration and thinking ability .
3)improves the personality
4)increases self-confidence
5)helps in avoiding orthopadic health complications
6)increase physical fitness .
YOGA EXCERXISE
ROLE OF YOGA IN LIFE :-
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
YOGA EXCERSIZE
ROLE OF YOGA IN LIFE :-
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
ROLE OF YOGA IN SPORTS
ROLE OF YOGA IN SPORTS :-
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
ROLE OF YOGA IN LIFE
ROLE OF YOGA IN LIFE :-
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
Yoga plays vital role in reducing fatigue ,muscle tension and stress also improves balance ,flexibility and strength . The body posture is directly related to sports efficiency and it gets improved with yoga
Yoga helps in folloging ways :-
1)muscular strength
2)flexibility
3)cardiovascular endurance
4)balance
5)focus
6)concentration
7)peace of mind
8)agility
9)injury prevention
10)rehabilitation
ELEMENTS OF YOGA
ELEMENTS OF YOGA :-
The elements of yoga have been described as ashtanga yoga . The ashtanga yoga has been derived from two words 'ashta' which means eight and 'anga' which means limbs. Hence ,ashtanga yoga is known as eight-limbed yoga his eight elements are :-
1)yama (moral codes)
2)nimaya (self purification and study)
3)asana (posture)
4)pranayama (breath control)
5)pratyahara (sence control)
6)dharana (concentration)
7)dhyana (meditation)
8)samadhi (contemplation)
The elements of yoga have been described as ashtanga yoga . The ashtanga yoga has been derived from two words 'ashta' which means eight and 'anga' which means limbs. Hence ,ashtanga yoga is known as eight-limbed yoga his eight elements are :-
1)yama (moral codes)
2)nimaya (self purification and study)
3)asana (posture)
4)pranayama (breath control)
5)pratyahara (sence control)
6)dharana (concentration)
7)dhyana (meditation)
8)samadhi (contemplation)
ADVANTAGES OF YOGA
BENEFIT OF YOGA :-
1)physical ailments .
2)postural deformities
3)physiological advantages of yoga and pranayama
4)hygehenic valve
5)mental relaxation
6)will power and confidence
1)physical ailments .
2)postural deformities
3)physiological advantages of yoga and pranayama
4)hygehenic valve
5)mental relaxation
6)will power and confidence
YOGA AS AN INDIAN HERITAGE
YOGA AS AN INDIAN HERITAGE
The origin of yoga can be traced from hindu civilization in vedas . It was mentioned that yoga was considered good for health fitness and well being .in the old hindu civilization ,aryans did yogic exercise in 3000 b.c . The practice of yoga was common in ancient india where rishies and maharishies practiced yoga to control of mind and body . They gave emphasis on meditation which is essential for concentration .yoga aims at the development of perfect coordition between mind and body . Most of the sacred writings of india like vedas .upanishads ,puranas and tantras have well explaned yoga to achieve highest degree of knowledge .
The origin of yoga can be traced from hindu civilization in vedas . It was mentioned that yoga was considered good for health fitness and well being .in the old hindu civilization ,aryans did yogic exercise in 3000 b.c . The practice of yoga was common in ancient india where rishies and maharishies practiced yoga to control of mind and body . They gave emphasis on meditation which is essential for concentration .yoga aims at the development of perfect coordition between mind and body . Most of the sacred writings of india like vedas .upanishads ,puranas and tantras have well explaned yoga to achieve highest degree of knowledge .
BENEFIT OF YOGA
BENEFIT OF YOGA :-
1)physical ailments .
2)postural deformities
3)physiological advantages of yoga and pranayama
4)hygehenic valve
5)mental relaxation
6)will power and confidence
1)physical ailments .
2)postural deformities
3)physiological advantages of yoga and pranayama
4)hygehenic valve
5)mental relaxation
6)will power and confidence
DISADVANTAGES OF IMPROPER POSTURE
IMPROPER POSTURE DISADVANTAGES :-
1)knock knee
2)flat foot
3)round shoulders
4)lordosis
5)kyphosis
6)bow legs
7)scoliosis
1)knock knee
2)flat foot
3)round shoulders
4)lordosis
5)kyphosis
6)bow legs
7)scoliosis
IMPORTANCE OF YOGA
IMPORTANCE OF YOGA :-
Yoga is not simply physical excercise but it gives relief to physical and mental ailments . The importance can be understood from the following quotation :
''Through constant practise of yoga ,one can overcome all difficulties and eradicate all weakness . Pain can be transmitted into bliss ,sorrow into joy ,failure into sucess and sickness into perfect health . Determination ,patience ,persistant lead us towards our goal '' (said in bhagwad gita)
Yoga is not simply physical excercise but it gives relief to physical and mental ailments . The importance can be understood from the following quotation :
''Through constant practise of yoga ,one can overcome all difficulties and eradicate all weakness . Pain can be transmitted into bliss ,sorrow into joy ,failure into sucess and sickness into perfect health . Determination ,patience ,persistant lead us towards our goal '' (said in bhagwad gita)
WHAT IS CORRECT SITTING POSTURE
KNOW CORRECT SITTING POSTURE :-
Now a days people sit for a long time on computer and hence the correct sitting posture is very important . While reading or studying in incorrect posture it can lead to posture deformities .
These following points kept in mind :-
1)always sit up with back straight and shoulders back .the buttocks should touch the back of the chair .
2)all three normal back curves should be placed normally while sitting .
3)distribute the body weight evenly on both hips .
4)the knees should be bent at a right angle. Keep the knees even little higher than hips . The use of a footrest or stool can be preferred . The legs should not be crossed .
5)always keep the feet flat on the floor while sitting .
6)try to avoid sitting in the same position for more than 30 minutes .
Now a days people sit for a long time on computer and hence the correct sitting posture is very important . While reading or studying in incorrect posture it can lead to posture deformities .
These following points kept in mind :-
1)always sit up with back straight and shoulders back .the buttocks should touch the back of the chair .
2)all three normal back curves should be placed normally while sitting .
3)distribute the body weight evenly on both hips .
4)the knees should be bent at a right angle. Keep the knees even little higher than hips . The use of a footrest or stool can be preferred . The legs should not be crossed .
5)always keep the feet flat on the floor while sitting .
6)try to avoid sitting in the same position for more than 30 minutes .
WHAT IS CORRECT SITTING POSTURE
KNOW CORRECT SITTING POSTURE :-
Now a days people sit for a long time on computer and hence the correct sitting posture is very important . While reading or studying in incorrect posture it can lead to posture deformities .
These following points kept in mind :-
1)always sit up with back straight and shoulders back .the buttocks should touch the back of the chair .
2)all three normal back curves should be placed normally while sitting .
3)distribute the body weight evenly on both hips .
4)the knees should be bent at a right angle. Keep the knees even little higher than hips . The use of a footrest or stool can be preferred . The legs should not be crossed .
5)always keep the feet flat on the floor while sitting .
6)try to avoid sitting in the same position for more than 30 minutes .
Now a days people sit for a long time on computer and hence the correct sitting posture is very important . While reading or studying in incorrect posture it can lead to posture deformities .
These following points kept in mind :-
1)always sit up with back straight and shoulders back .the buttocks should touch the back of the chair .
2)all three normal back curves should be placed normally while sitting .
3)distribute the body weight evenly on both hips .
4)the knees should be bent at a right angle. Keep the knees even little higher than hips . The use of a footrest or stool can be preferred . The legs should not be crossed .
5)always keep the feet flat on the floor while sitting .
6)try to avoid sitting in the same position for more than 30 minutes .
CORRECT STANDING POSTURE
CORRECT STANDING POSTURE :-
Although standing is something we do everyday . But most of us have never really given importance to the proper standing position . Many people are actually not aware that their standing habits can lead to their back and neck promblems . Hence ,it has become essential to know the correct standing posture . While standing following points must be kept in mind :
1)the head must be kept straight . It should not be tilted ,backward and sideways .
2) the earlobes should be in line with the middle of shoulders .
3)the shoulders blades should be kept back .
4)keep chest in a forward position
5)stretch the top of the head towards the ceiling .
6)keep the knees straight
7)the stomach should be tucked in . The pelvis should not tilted forward or backward .
8)the arches of the feet should be supported .
Although standing is something we do everyday . But most of us have never really given importance to the proper standing position . Many people are actually not aware that their standing habits can lead to their back and neck promblems . Hence ,it has become essential to know the correct standing posture . While standing following points must be kept in mind :
1)the head must be kept straight . It should not be tilted ,backward and sideways .
2) the earlobes should be in line with the middle of shoulders .
3)the shoulders blades should be kept back .
4)keep chest in a forward position
5)stretch the top of the head towards the ceiling .
6)keep the knees straight
7)the stomach should be tucked in . The pelvis should not tilted forward or backward .
8)the arches of the feet should be supported .
USE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT WHILE PLAYING
USE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT WHILE PLAYING :-
The use of safety equipment while participating in sports and other activities can prevent injuries to a great extent . The following safety equipments can prevent major injuries :-
1)helmets
2)face masks or polycarbonate guards
3)mouth guards
4)wrist ,knee and elbow guards
5)pads
6)protective cup
7)footwear
The use of safety equipment while participating in sports and other activities can prevent injuries to a great extent . The following safety equipments can prevent major injuries :-
1)helmets
2)face masks or polycarbonate guards
3)mouth guards
4)wrist ,knee and elbow guards
5)pads
6)protective cup
7)footwear
COMMITTES FOR ORGANISING SPORTS EVENT
COMMITTES FOR ORGANISING SPORTS EVENTS
The organisation of sports event requires a lot of planning . The planning excuted properly when different comittees work together for the smooth conduct of sports events
The following committes are formed :-
1)technical committe
2)finance committee
3)reception committee
4)publicity committee
5)accommodation committee
6)transport committee
7)prizes committee
8)medical committee
9)refreshment committee
10)protest committee
11)ceremony committee
The organisation of sports event requires a lot of planning . The planning excuted properly when different comittees work together for the smooth conduct of sports events
The following committes are formed :-
1)technical committe
2)finance committee
3)reception committee
4)publicity committee
5)accommodation committee
6)transport committee
7)prizes committee
8)medical committee
9)refreshment committee
10)protest committee
11)ceremony committee
COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENT
COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENT :-
1)ABIOTIC - It consists of all non-living things such as soil ,atmosphere ,water ,climate etc .
2)BIOTIC - It includes all living things such as plants and animals .
1)ABIOTIC - It consists of all non-living things such as soil ,atmosphere ,water ,climate etc .
2)BIOTIC - It includes all living things such as plants and animals .
CALISTHENICS ADVANTAGES
CALISTHENICS ADVANTAGES :-
Catherine beecher developed calisthenics . The concept is beauty with strength most of the women preffered these excersise .
Catherine beecher developed calisthenics . The concept is beauty with strength most of the women preffered these excersise .
IMPORTANCE OF CYCLING
CYCLING
Cycling is considered the national sport of france .the most famous and adventurous event is tour de france . In this ,cyclists cover the entire france .cycling is the one of the best aerobic exercises because it can be done for the sake of enjoyment and fitness . Road races are most popular form of cycling because they develop cardiovascular system to a great extent . The cycling also develop strength of the legs .
Cycling is considered the national sport of france .the most famous and adventurous event is tour de france . In this ,cyclists cover the entire france .cycling is the one of the best aerobic exercises because it can be done for the sake of enjoyment and fitness . Road races are most popular form of cycling because they develop cardiovascular system to a great extent . The cycling also develop strength of the legs .
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS DEVELOPMENT
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS DEVELOPMENT :-
The physical fitness programmes help the individuals to develop good physical fitness habits . The fitness programmes include vigorous activities designed to enhances speed ,strength ,endurance ,flexibility and coordinative abilities . These progran must be designed on the principles explaned below :-
1)principle of overload - overloading is felt when the maximum supplying capacity of oxygen is less than the required muscular strength is effectively developed when the muscle group is overloaded .
2)warming up and cooling down - warm up before excercise it loosens muscles and makes them more elastic .after each training programme ,it is important for the body to cool down . The cooling down leads to gradual lowering down of body temperature ,heart rate ,breathing rate and blood circulation .
3)progression
4)individual difference
5)specificity
6)safety
7)age and sex
The physical fitness programmes help the individuals to develop good physical fitness habits . The fitness programmes include vigorous activities designed to enhances speed ,strength ,endurance ,flexibility and coordinative abilities . These progran must be designed on the principles explaned below :-
1)principle of overload - overloading is felt when the maximum supplying capacity of oxygen is less than the required muscular strength is effectively developed when the muscle group is overloaded .
2)warming up and cooling down - warm up before excercise it loosens muscles and makes them more elastic .after each training programme ,it is important for the body to cool down . The cooling down leads to gradual lowering down of body temperature ,heart rate ,breathing rate and blood circulation .
3)progression
4)individual difference
5)specificity
6)safety
7)age and sex
IMPORTANCE OF JOGGING
JOGGING
Jogging is the most popular form of excercise in which an individual runs at a moderate speed . The intensity of jogging varies according to the individual's ability . The concept of jogging came into existance in the mid of 1960 s .millions of people all over the world started jogging for the development of endurance . Jogging is done for atleast three kilometre every week .
Jogging is the most popular form of excercise in which an individual runs at a moderate speed . The intensity of jogging varies according to the individual's ability . The concept of jogging came into existance in the mid of 1960 s .millions of people all over the world started jogging for the development of endurance . Jogging is done for atleast three kilometre every week .
FACTORS AFEECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS
FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
The physical fitness and wellness very from person to person. The following factors affects physical fitness and wellness :-
1)heredity
2)regular exercise
3)progressive overloading
4)balanced diet
5)stress
6)living style
7)cigarette smoking
8)drugs
9)rest ,relaxation and recreation
10)environment
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF WELLNESS
COMPONENTS OF WELLNESS :-
The wellness is not just absense of disease but also has several components like physical ,emotional ,social ,intellectual ,spiritual and occupational .
Following are the main components of wellness :-
1)PHYSICAL WELLNESS
2)EMOTIONAL WELLNESS
3)SOCIAL WELLNESS
4)INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS
5)SPIRITUAL WELLNESS
6)OCCUPATIONAL WELLNESS
The wellness is not just absense of disease but also has several components like physical ,emotional ,social ,intellectual ,spiritual and occupational .
Following are the main components of wellness :-
1)PHYSICAL WELLNESS
2)EMOTIONAL WELLNESS
3)SOCIAL WELLNESS
4)INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS
5)SPIRITUAL WELLNESS
6)OCCUPATIONAL WELLNESS
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND WELLNESS
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND WELLNESS :-
Physical fitness has five components which are essenthal in the field of physical education . The exercise are planned in such a manner that all components are developed simultaneously . The sports performance largely depends upon the physical fitness components .
1)STRENGTH
2)SPEED
3)ENDURANCE
4)FLEXIBILITY
5)CO-ORDINATIVE ABILITIES
Physical fitness has five components which are essenthal in the field of physical education . The exercise are planned in such a manner that all components are developed simultaneously . The sports performance largely depends upon the physical fitness components .
1)STRENGTH
2)SPEED
3)ENDURANCE
4)FLEXIBILITY
5)CO-ORDINATIVE ABILITIES
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS :-
Physical fitness is defined herein as the capacity to meet the present and potential physical challenges of life with sucess .
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
1.QUALITY OF LIFE
Many experiment shows that regular exercise and fitness improves the quality of life . In our daily life ,a physically fit person can manage the routine work efficiently and without getting fatigue .
2. PREVENTION OF DISEASES :-
The regular fitness work can prevent many diseases ,espacially those related to the heart . A physically fit person is less prone to coronary heart diseases because of low level of cholestrol in the body .
2. HARMONIOUS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT :-
Physical education also has relation with growth and development . Exercise may promote muscle strength . The regular physical training can improve the efficiency of various organs .
MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS :-
Physical fitness is defined herein as the capacity to meet the present and potential physical challenges of life with sucess .
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
1.QUALITY OF LIFE
Many experiment shows that regular exercise and fitness improves the quality of life . In our daily life ,a physically fit person can manage the routine work efficiently and without getting fatigue .
2. PREVENTION OF DISEASES :-
The regular fitness work can prevent many diseases ,espacially those related to the heart . A physically fit person is less prone to coronary heart diseases because of low level of cholestrol in the body .
2. HARMONIOUS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT :-
Physical education also has relation with growth and development . Exercise may promote muscle strength . The regular physical training can improve the efficiency of various organs .
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS :-
Physical fitness is defined herein as the capacity to meet the present and potential physical challenges of life with sucess .
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
1.QUALITY OF LIFE
Many experiment shows that regular exercise and fitness improves the quality of life . In our daily life ,a physically fit person can manage the routine work efficiently and without getting fatigue .
2. PREVENTION OF DISEASES :-
The regular fitness work can prevent many diseases ,espacially those related to the heart . A physically fit person is less prone to coronary heart diseases because of low level of cholestrol in the body .
2. HARMONIOUS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT :-
Physical education also has relation with growth and development . Exercise may promote muscle strength . The regular physical training can improve the efficiency of various organs .
MEANING OF PHYSICAL FITNESS :-
Physical fitness is defined herein as the capacity to meet the present and potential physical challenges of life with sucess .
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND WELLNESS :-
1.QUALITY OF LIFE
Many experiment shows that regular exercise and fitness improves the quality of life . In our daily life ,a physically fit person can manage the routine work efficiently and without getting fatigue .
2. PREVENTION OF DISEASES :-
The regular fitness work can prevent many diseases ,espacially those related to the heart . A physically fit person is less prone to coronary heart diseases because of low level of cholestrol in the body .
2. HARMONIOUS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT :-
Physical education also has relation with growth and development . Exercise may promote muscle strength . The regular physical training can improve the efficiency of various organs .
INDIAN STUDENT PLEDGE
INDIAN STUDENT PLEDGE
India is my country all indians are my brothers and sisters . I love my country and i am proud of its rich and varied heritage . I shall always strive to be worthy of it . I shall give respect to my parents ,teachers and all elders and treat everyone with courtesy . To my country and my people . I pledge my devotion .in their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness .
India is my country all indians are my brothers and sisters . I love my country and i am proud of its rich and varied heritage . I shall always strive to be worthy of it . I shall give respect to my parents ,teachers and all elders and treat everyone with courtesy . To my country and my people . I pledge my devotion .in their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness .
NOMARKS FACE PACK
NOMARKS FACE PACK
INGREDIENTS :-
neem ,camphor ,clove ,eucalyptus ,lemon
ACTION :-
Acne/pimple or pimple prone skin requires stress free treatment . Removal of excess oil which in combination with dead cells cause pimples is beneficial for all types of skin . No pimples no marks face pack is enriched with natural ingredients to remove excess oil/sebum from skin surface and to deep cleanse it . It penetrates deep below the skin surface to fight acne/pimple causing bacteria ,rejuvenates skin texture and enhances natural gloss and freshness .
DIRECTION FOR USE ;-
Apply an even layer on clean and dry face avoiding eyes . Rince off with clean water before it completely dry . For best result use twice a week .
RESULTS :-
Remove excess oil from skin surface , deep cleanes and prevents and treats acne ,pimples . It also refresh skin ,improver its texture ,gloss and complexion .
NET WT - 60gram
PRICE - 60 /- only
WEBSITE - www.nomarks.in
INGREDIENTS :-
neem ,camphor ,clove ,eucalyptus ,lemon
ACTION :-
Acne/pimple or pimple prone skin requires stress free treatment . Removal of excess oil which in combination with dead cells cause pimples is beneficial for all types of skin . No pimples no marks face pack is enriched with natural ingredients to remove excess oil/sebum from skin surface and to deep cleanse it . It penetrates deep below the skin surface to fight acne/pimple causing bacteria ,rejuvenates skin texture and enhances natural gloss and freshness .
DIRECTION FOR USE ;-
Apply an even layer on clean and dry face avoiding eyes . Rince off with clean water before it completely dry . For best result use twice a week .
RESULTS :-
Remove excess oil from skin surface , deep cleanes and prevents and treats acne ,pimples . It also refresh skin ,improver its texture ,gloss and complexion .
NET WT - 60gram
PRICE - 60 /- only
WEBSITE - www.nomarks.in
Thursday, December 30, 2010
SHIPPING MINISTRY INDIA
SHIPPING MINISTRY INDIA
The ministry of shipping a branch of the government of india is the apex body for formulation and administrative of the rules and regulations and laws relating to shipping from 2009 this department is under G.k.vasan .
The ministry of shipping a branch of the government of india is the apex body for formulation and administrative of the rules and regulations and laws relating to shipping from 2009 this department is under G.k.vasan .
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY OF INDIA
NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY OF INDIA
The national highway authority of india is an autonomous agency of the government of india responsible foq management of a network of over 60,000 km of national highways in india . The authority is a nodal agency of the ministry of road transport and highways ..
The national highway authority of india is an autonomous agency of the government of india responsible foq management of a network of over 60,000 km of national highways in india . The authority is a nodal agency of the ministry of road transport and highways ..
STEPS TO RECHARGE MOBILE ONLINE FROM AXIS BANK ICONNECT
STEPS TO RECHARGE MOBILE ONLINE FROM AXIS BANK ICONNECT :-
1)login to iconnect using your login id and password
2)register your mobile number by clicking ''register mobile number'' option .you can register as many number as you want .
3)click on ''recharge mobile'' and recharge your mobile .
IMPORTANT POINTS :-
1)the facility available for prepaid only
LIMITS ON TRANSACTIONS
1)recharge limit is 1,000 per transaction
2)recharge limit per mobile number per day is 3,000
3)time difference betwen two consecutive recharge is 15 recharge .
1)login to iconnect using your login id and password
2)register your mobile number by clicking ''register mobile number'' option .you can register as many number as you want .
3)click on ''recharge mobile'' and recharge your mobile .
IMPORTANT POINTS :-
1)the facility available for prepaid only
LIMITS ON TRANSACTIONS
1)recharge limit is 1,000 per transaction
2)recharge limit per mobile number per day is 3,000
3)time difference betwen two consecutive recharge is 15 recharge .
AXIS BANK LOCKER FACILITY
AXIS BANK LOCKER FACILITY
ADVANTAGES
1)wide availability-as on november 30 ,2010 locker are available at 944 branches and extension counters.
2)lockers available various sizes
3)direct debits for lockers rentals from your account rid you of the hassles in writing out cheques .
4)extended banking hours to operate lockers
5)competitive rentals
ADVANTAGES
1)wide availability-as on november 30 ,2010 locker are available at 944 branches and extension counters.
2)lockers available various sizes
3)direct debits for lockers rentals from your account rid you of the hassles in writing out cheques .
4)extended banking hours to operate lockers
5)competitive rentals
SERVICES OFFERED BY AXIS BANK
SERVICES OFFERED BY AXIS BANK
1)prepaid mobile recharge
2)locker facility
3)online shopping
4)IPO SMART
5)e-statement
1)prepaid mobile recharge
2)locker facility
3)online shopping
4)IPO SMART
5)e-statement
AXIS BANK MOBILE RECHARGE
AXIS BANK MOBILE RECHARGE
All axis bank customer can recharge their mobile phones by using iconnect .the process is simple and instant .
This facility can used by all customer who have registered for netsecure .
All axis bank customer can recharge their mobile phones by using iconnect .the process is simple and instant .
This facility can used by all customer who have registered for netsecure .
AXIS BANK LOAN AGAINST SECURITY DETAILS
AXIS BANK LOAN AGAINST SECURITY DETAILS
1) individuals are only eligible to apply
2)maximum limit upto 50% of valuation
3)overdraft facilities against more than 300 schemes
4)overdraft tenture of 12 months
1) individuals are only eligible to apply
2)maximum limit upto 50% of valuation
3)overdraft facilities against more than 300 schemes
4)overdraft tenture of 12 months
AXIS BANK LOAN AGAINST SHARE
AXIS BANK LOAN AGAINST SHARES DETAILS
1)individual are only eligible to apply
2)overdraft facilities against single and combination of scrips
3)interest charged on actual amount utilised - no emi or post dated cheques required
4)shares can be pledged from any depository partcipant across the country
5)special scheme for axis bank priority and wealth customers
1)individual are only eligible to apply
2)overdraft facilities against single and combination of scrips
3)interest charged on actual amount utilised - no emi or post dated cheques required
4)shares can be pledged from any depository partcipant across the country
5)special scheme for axis bank priority and wealth customers
AXIS BANK EDUCATION LOAN DETAILS
AXIS BANK EDUCATION LOAN DETAILS :-
1)QUANTUM OF LOAN
The quantum finance under the scheme is capped at 10 lacs for studies in india and 20 lack for studies study abroad ,which will cover tuition fes ,hostel charges ,cost of books etc . The minimum amount of loan would be 50,000 .
2) MARGIN
No margin for loans upto 4 lacs . For loan above 4 lacs ,5% margin for students in india and 15% for abroad .
3) ROLE OF THE GUARDIAN
The parents of the student would be treated as co-applicant .
4) SECURITY
Third party guarantee and/or collateral security may asked in appropriate cases .
5)ADDITIONAL SECURITY
Assignment of lic policy in favour of the bank for the sum assured being at least 100% of the loan amount . The polico is kept alive during the currency of the loan . To ensure this the annual premium may be included in the computation of the loan requirement ,along with the tuition fees andother recurring charges . Further the future income of the student needs to be assigned in favour of the bank for meeting the installment obligation .
6)DISBURSEMENT
The loan will bn disbursed in full or in suitable installments taking into account the requirements of funds and/or fees schedule as assessed by the bank directly to the educational institution or vendor of books or equipment of instruments .
1)QUANTUM OF LOAN
The quantum finance under the scheme is capped at 10 lacs for studies in india and 20 lack for studies study abroad ,which will cover tuition fes ,hostel charges ,cost of books etc . The minimum amount of loan would be 50,000 .
2) MARGIN
No margin for loans upto 4 lacs . For loan above 4 lacs ,5% margin for students in india and 15% for abroad .
3) ROLE OF THE GUARDIAN
The parents of the student would be treated as co-applicant .
4) SECURITY
Third party guarantee and/or collateral security may asked in appropriate cases .
5)ADDITIONAL SECURITY
Assignment of lic policy in favour of the bank for the sum assured being at least 100% of the loan amount . The polico is kept alive during the currency of the loan . To ensure this the annual premium may be included in the computation of the loan requirement ,along with the tuition fees andother recurring charges . Further the future income of the student needs to be assigned in favour of the bank for meeting the installment obligation .
6)DISBURSEMENT
The loan will bn disbursed in full or in suitable installments taking into account the requirements of funds and/or fees schedule as assessed by the bank directly to the educational institution or vendor of books or equipment of instruments .
AXIS BANK CONSUMER POWER LOAN
AXIS BANK CONSUMER POWER LOAN
CONDITIONS :-
You can apply for as little as 25,000 or as much as 2 lakh . The maximum loan cannot exceed 85% of the cost of the durable ,or 12 times your net monthly salary ,whichever is lower . You are charged a competitive interert rate and you can choose to repay your loan in 12 ,24 or 36 equated monthly instalments .
If you are a salaried person instalments are directly collected fron your salary .
CONDITIONS :-
You can apply for as little as 25,000 or as much as 2 lakh . The maximum loan cannot exceed 85% of the cost of the durable ,or 12 times your net monthly salary ,whichever is lower . You are charged a competitive interert rate and you can choose to repay your loan in 12 ,24 or 36 equated monthly instalments .
If you are a salaried person instalments are directly collected fron your salary .
AXIS BANK QUICK AND EASY HOME LOAN
AXIS BANK QUICK AND EASY HOME LOAN
FEATURES :-
1)attractive interest rates
2)balance transfer facility
3)doorstep service
4)nilpayment charges
FEATURES :-
1)attractive interest rates
2)balance transfer facility
3)doorstep service
4)nilpayment charges
AXIS BANK CAR LOAN BENEFITS
AXIS BANK CAR LOAN BENEFITS
1) 100% waiver of processing fees
2)waiver of salary slips and bank statements
1) 100% waiver of processing fees
2)waiver of salary slips and bank statements
BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI
BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI
said it plans to create a fund to starting lending in august targeting the 18 areas of business ,including social infrastructure and natural resources specified in the bojs scheme which provides upto 150 billion yen to each bank .
said it plans to create a fund to starting lending in august targeting the 18 areas of business ,including social infrastructure and natural resources specified in the bojs scheme which provides upto 150 billion yen to each bank .
AXIS BANK CAR LOAN ELIGIBILITY
AXIS BANK CAR LOAN ELIGIBILITY
1)all customers having their salary account with axis bank since past 3 months .
2)30 times average net salary crediated during last 3 months
1)all customers having their salary account with axis bank since past 3 months .
2)30 times average net salary crediated during last 3 months
LOANS FROM BANK IN JAPAN
LOANS FROM BANK IN JAPAN
Japan top three banks said they would offering loans to businesses under the bank of japan new lending scheme aimed at redirecting money to industries with decent potential for growth .
Japan top three banks said they would offering loans to businesses under the bank of japan new lending scheme aimed at redirecting money to industries with decent potential for growth .
LIST OF WORLD TOP BANKS
LIST OF WORLD TOP BANKS
1)deutsche bank ,germany
2)bnp paribas ,france
3)bank of tokyo-mitsubishi ,japan
4)ubs ,switzerland
5)bank of america ,usa
6)sumitomo bank ,japan
7)bayerische hypo-und vereins bank ,germany
8)norinchukin bank ,japan
9)dai-ichi kangyo bank ,japan
10)sakura bank ,japan
1)deutsche bank ,germany
2)bnp paribas ,france
3)bank of tokyo-mitsubishi ,japan
4)ubs ,switzerland
5)bank of america ,usa
6)sumitomo bank ,japan
7)bayerische hypo-und vereins bank ,germany
8)norinchukin bank ,japan
9)dai-ichi kangyo bank ,japan
10)sakura bank ,japan
LIST OF TOP BANK IN JAPAN
TOP BANKS OF JAPAN
1) bank of japan
2)deutsche bank
3)mitsubishi ufj financial group
4)mizuho financial group
5) bank of india
6)dresdner bank
7)bank of china
8)japan bank for international cooperation
9)national australia bank
10)societe generale
6)
1) bank of japan
2)deutsche bank
3)mitsubishi ufj financial group
4)mizuho financial group
5) bank of india
6)dresdner bank
7)bank of china
8)japan bank for international cooperation
9)national australia bank
10)societe generale
6)
WORLD BEST WETTEST INHABITED PLACES
WETTEST INHABITED PLACES
1)buenaventura(columbia) - 265 inch
2)monrovia(liberia) - 202 inch
3)pago pago(american samoa) - 196 inch
4)moulmein(burma) - 191 inch
5)lae(papua new guinea) - 183 inch
6)baguio(luzon island ,philippines) -180 inch
7)sylhet(bangladesh) - 176 inch
8)padang(sumatra,indonesia) - 166 inch
9)bogor(java,indonesia) - 166 inch
10)conakry(guinea) - 161 inch
1)buenaventura(columbia) - 265 inch
2)monrovia(liberia) - 202 inch
3)pago pago(american samoa) - 196 inch
4)moulmein(burma) - 191 inch
5)lae(papua new guinea) - 183 inch
6)baguio(luzon island ,philippines) -180 inch
7)sylhet(bangladesh) - 176 inch
8)padang(sumatra,indonesia) - 166 inch
9)bogor(java,indonesia) - 166 inch
10)conakry(guinea) - 161 inch
WORLD HOTTEST PLACES
WORLD HOTTEST PLACES
1)djibouti - 30 degree celcius
2)timbouctou(mali) ,tirunelveli(india) and tuticorin(india) - 29.3 degree celcius
3)nellore(india) and santa marta(columbia) - 29.2 degree celcius
4) aden(yemen) ,madurai(india) and niamey(niger) - 28.9 degree celcius
5)hodeida(yemen) ,ouagadougou(burkina) ,thanjavur(india) and tiruchirappalli(india) - 28.8 degree celcius
1)djibouti - 30 degree celcius
2)timbouctou(mali) ,tirunelveli(india) and tuticorin(india) - 29.3 degree celcius
3)nellore(india) and santa marta(columbia) - 29.2 degree celcius
4) aden(yemen) ,madurai(india) and niamey(niger) - 28.9 degree celcius
5)hodeida(yemen) ,ouagadougou(burkina) ,thanjavur(india) and tiruchirappalli(india) - 28.8 degree celcius
DRIEST INHABITED PLACES
DRIEST INHABITED PLACES
1)aswan(egypt) - 0.5 mm
2)luxor(egypt) - 0.7 mm
3)arica(chile) - 1.1 mm
4)ica(peru) - 2.3 mm
5)antofagasta(chile) - 4.9 mm
6)el minya(egypt) - 5.1 mm
7)asyut(egypt) - 5.2 mm
8)callao(peru) - 12.0 mm
9)trujillo(egypt) - 14.0 mm
10)el faiyum(egypt) - 19.0 mm
1)aswan(egypt) - 0.5 mm
2)luxor(egypt) - 0.7 mm
3)arica(chile) - 1.1 mm
4)ica(peru) - 2.3 mm
5)antofagasta(chile) - 4.9 mm
6)el minya(egypt) - 5.1 mm
7)asyut(egypt) - 5.2 mm
8)callao(peru) - 12.0 mm
9)trujillo(egypt) - 14.0 mm
10)el faiyum(egypt) - 19.0 mm
LARGEST DESERT
LARGEST DESERT
1)sahara - 3,450,000 sq miles
2)gobi - 500,000 sq miles
3)ar rub al khali - 289,600 sq miles
4)great victorian - 249,800 sq miles
5)sonoran - 120,000 sq miles
6)kalahari - 120,000 sq miles
7)kava kum - 115,800 sq miles
8)takla makan - 100,400 sq miles
9)namib - 52,100 sq mile
10)thar - 33,670 sq mile
1)sahara - 3,450,000 sq miles
2)gobi - 500,000 sq miles
3)ar rub al khali - 289,600 sq miles
4)great victorian - 249,800 sq miles
5)sonoran - 120,000 sq miles
6)kalahari - 120,000 sq miles
7)kava kum - 115,800 sq miles
8)takla makan - 100,400 sq miles
9)namib - 52,100 sq mile
10)thar - 33,670 sq mile
WORLD HIGHEST WATERFALL
HIGHEST WATERFALL (NUMBER REPRESENT TOTAL HEIGHT)
1)angel(venezuela) - 979m
2)tugela(south africa) - 948m
3)utigard(norway) - 800m
4)mongefossen(norway) - 774m
5)mtarazi(zimbabwe) - 762m
1)angel(venezuela) - 979m
2)tugela(south africa) - 948m
3)utigard(norway) - 800m
4)mongefossen(norway) - 774m
5)mtarazi(zimbabwe) - 762m
WORLD DEEPEST OCEAN FEATURES
DEEPEST OCEAN FEATURES
1)challenger deep ,mariana trench(pacific) - 11,034m
2)vityaz III depth ,tonga trench(pacific) - 10,882m
3)vityaz depth ,kurile-kamchatka trench(pacific) - 10,542m
4)cape johnson deep ,philippine trench(pacific) - 10,497m
5)kermadec trench(pacific) -10,047m
6)ramapo deep, japan trench(pacific) - 9984m
7)milwaukee deep ,puerto rico trench(atlantic) - 9200m
8)argo deep ,torres trench(pacific) - 9165m
9)meteor depth ,south sandwich trenbh (atlantic) - 9144m
10)planet deep ,new britain trench(pacific) - 9140m
1)challenger deep ,mariana trench(pacific) - 11,034m
2)vityaz III depth ,tonga trench(pacific) - 10,882m
3)vityaz depth ,kurile-kamchatka trench(pacific) - 10,542m
4)cape johnson deep ,philippine trench(pacific) - 10,497m
5)kermadec trench(pacific) -10,047m
6)ramapo deep, japan trench(pacific) - 9984m
7)milwaukee deep ,puerto rico trench(atlantic) - 9200m
8)argo deep ,torres trench(pacific) - 9165m
9)meteor depth ,south sandwich trenbh (atlantic) - 9144m
10)planet deep ,new britain trench(pacific) - 9140m
GREATEST WATERFALL
GREATEST WATERFALL(NUMBER REPRESENT MEAN FLOW OF WATER IN cu.m/sec)
1)boyoma(congo(zairel)) - 17,000
2)khone(laos-cambodia) - 11,600
3)niagara(usa/canada) - 5500
4)grande(uruguay) - 4500
5)paulo afonso(brazil) - 2800
1)boyoma(congo(zairel)) - 17,000
2)khone(laos-cambodia) - 11,600
3)niagara(usa/canada) - 5500
4)grande(uruguay) - 4500
5)paulo afonso(brazil) - 2800
WORLD LARGEST BODIES OF INLAND WATER
LARGEST BODIES OF INLAND WATER
1)CASPIAN SEA
2)LAKE SUPERIOR
3)LAKE VICTORIA
4)LAKE HURON
5)LAKE MICHIGAN
6)LAKE TANGANYIKA
7)GREAT BEAR LAKE
8)LAKE BAIKAL
9)GREAT SLAVE LAKE
10)LAKE ERIE
1)CASPIAN SEA
2)LAKE SUPERIOR
3)LAKE VICTORIA
4)LAKE HURON
5)LAKE MICHIGAN
6)LAKE TANGANYIKA
7)GREAT BEAR LAKE
8)LAKE BAIKAL
9)GREAT SLAVE LAKE
10)LAKE ERIE
WORLD HIGHEST MOUNTAINS
WORLD HIGHEST MOUNTAINS
1)EVEREST - 8850mt
2)K2 - 8611mt
3)KANCHENJUNGA I - 8598mt
4)MAKALU I - 8463mt
5)CHO OYU - 8201mt
6)DHAULAGIRI I - 8167mt
7)MANASLU I - 8163mt
8)NANGA PARBAT I - 8126mt
9)ANNAPURNA I - 8091mt
10)GASHERBRUM I - 8068mt
1)EVEREST - 8850mt
2)K2 - 8611mt
3)KANCHENJUNGA I - 8598mt
4)MAKALU I - 8463mt
5)CHO OYU - 8201mt
6)DHAULAGIRI I - 8167mt
7)MANASLU I - 8163mt
8)NANGA PARBAT I - 8126mt
9)ANNAPURNA I - 8091mt
10)GASHERBRUM I - 8068mt
WORLD LONGEST RIVERS LIST WITH LENGTH
WORLD LONGEST RIVER(NUMBER REPRESENT LENGTH OF RIVER IN MILES)
1)NILE(NE africa) - 4160
2)AMAZON(south america) - 4049
3)YANGTZE(china) - 3915
4)MISSISSIPI/MISSOURI(usa) - 3710
5)OB-IRTYSH(russian federation) - 3461
6)YELLOW RIVER(china) - 3395
7)CONGO(central africa) - 2900
8)MEKONG(southeast asia) - 2749
9)LENA(russian federation) - 2734
10)MACKENZIE(canada) - 2640
1)NILE(NE africa) - 4160
2)AMAZON(south america) - 4049
3)YANGTZE(china) - 3915
4)MISSISSIPI/MISSOURI(usa) - 3710
5)OB-IRTYSH(russian federation) - 3461
6)YELLOW RIVER(china) - 3395
7)CONGO(central africa) - 2900
8)MEKONG(southeast asia) - 2749
9)LENA(russian federation) - 2734
10)MACKENZIE(canada) - 2640
WORLD LONGEST RIVERS LIST WITH LENGTH
WORLD LONGEST RIVER(NUMBER REPRESENT LENGTH OF RIVER IN MILES)
1)NILE(NE africa) - 4160
2)AMAZON(south america) - 4049
3)YANGTZE(china) - 3915
4)MISSISSIPI/MISSOURI(usa) - 3710
5)OB-IRTYSH(russian federation) - 3461
6)YELLOW RIVER(china) - 3395
7)CONGO(central africa) - 2900
8)MEKONG(southeast asia) - 2749
9)LENA(russian federation) - 2734
10)MACKENZIE(canada) - 2640
1)NILE(NE africa) - 4160
2)AMAZON(south america) - 4049
3)YANGTZE(china) - 3915
4)MISSISSIPI/MISSOURI(usa) - 3710
5)OB-IRTYSH(russian federation) - 3461
6)YELLOW RIVER(china) - 3395
7)CONGO(central africa) - 2900
8)MEKONG(southeast asia) - 2749
9)LENA(russian federation) - 2734
10)MACKENZIE(canada) - 2640
LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MAXIMUM LAND BORDERS
LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MAXIMUM LAND BORDERS
1)CHINA - 14
2)RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 14
3)BRAZIL - 10
4)CONGO ,DEM .REP - 9
5)GERMANY - 9
6)SUDAN - 9
7)AUSTRIA - 8
8)FRANCE - 8
9)TANZANIA - 8
10)TURKEY - 8
1)CHINA - 14
2)RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 14
3)BRAZIL - 10
4)CONGO ,DEM .REP - 9
5)GERMANY - 9
6)SUDAN - 9
7)AUSTRIA - 8
8)FRANCE - 8
9)TANZANIA - 8
10)TURKEY - 8
LARGEST CONURBATIONS WITH DETAIL
LARGEST CONURBATIONS(NUMBER REPRESENT POPULATION)
TOKYO - 34,200,000
MEXICO CITY - 22,800,000
SEOUL - 22,300,000
NEW YORK - 21,900,000
SAO PAULO - 20,200,000
MUMBAI - 19,850,000
DELHI - 19,700,000
SHANGAI - 18,150,000
LOS ANGELES - 18,000,000
OSAKA - 16,800,000
JAKARTA - 16,550,000
KOLKATA - 15,650,000
CAIRO - 15,600,000
MANILA - 14,950,000
KARACHI - 14,300,000
TOKYO - 34,200,000
MEXICO CITY - 22,800,000
SEOUL - 22,300,000
NEW YORK - 21,900,000
SAO PAULO - 20,200,000
MUMBAI - 19,850,000
DELHI - 19,700,000
SHANGAI - 18,150,000
LOS ANGELES - 18,000,000
OSAKA - 16,800,000
JAKARTA - 16,550,000
KOLKATA - 15,650,000
CAIRO - 15,600,000
MANILA - 14,950,000
KARACHI - 14,300,000
LARGEST CONURBATIONS WITH DETAIL
LARGEST CONURBATIONS(NUMBER REPRESENT POPULATION)
TOKYO - 34,200,000
MEXICO CITY - 22,800,000
SEOUL - 22,300,000
NEW YORK - 21,900,000
SAO PAULO - 20,200,000
MUMBAI - 19,850,000
DELHI - 19,700,000
SHANGAI - 18,150,000
LOS ANGELES - 18,000,000
OSAKA - 16,800,000
JAKARTA - 16,550,000
KOLKATA - 15,650,000
CAIRO - 15,600,000
MANILA - 14,950,000
KARACHI - 14,300,000
TOKYO - 34,200,000
MEXICO CITY - 22,800,000
SEOUL - 22,300,000
NEW YORK - 21,900,000
SAO PAULO - 20,200,000
MUMBAI - 19,850,000
DELHI - 19,700,000
SHANGAI - 18,150,000
LOS ANGELES - 18,000,000
OSAKA - 16,800,000
JAKARTA - 16,550,000
KOLKATA - 15,650,000
CAIRO - 15,600,000
MANILA - 14,950,000
KARACHI - 14,300,000
POPULAR OR WIDELY SPOKEN LANGUAGES
MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES
1)CHINESE(mandarin)
2)ENGLISH
3)HINDI
4)SPANISH
5)RUSSIAN
6)ARABIC
7)BENGALI
8)PORTUGUESE
9)MALAY-INDONESIAN
10)FRENCH
1)CHINESE(mandarin)
2)ENGLISH
3)HINDI
4)SPANISH
5)RUSSIAN
6)ARABIC
7)BENGALI
8)PORTUGUESE
9)MALAY-INDONESIAN
10)FRENCH
DETAILS OF LEAST DENSELY COUNTRIES
LEAST DENSELY COUNTRIES(NUMBES REPRESENT NUMBER OF PERSON PER SQUARE MILE)
MONGOLIA - 4
NAMIBIA - 6
AUSTRALIA - 7
MAURITANIA - 8
SURINAM - 8
BOTSWANA - 8
ICELAND - 8
CANADA - 9
LIBYA - 9
GUYANA - 10
MONGOLIA - 4
NAMIBIA - 6
AUSTRALIA - 7
MAURITANIA - 8
SURINAM - 8
BOTSWANA - 8
ICELAND - 8
CANADA - 9
LIBYA - 9
GUYANA - 10
DETAILS OF LEAST DENSELY COUNTRIES
LEAST DENSELY COUNTRIES(NUMBES REPRESENT NUMBER OF PERSON PER SQUARE MILE)
MONGOLIA - 4
NAMIBIA - 6
AUSTRALIA - 7
MAURITANIA - 8
SURINAM - 8
BOTSWANA - 8
ICELAND - 8
CANADA - 9
LIBYA - 9
GUYANA - 10
MONGOLIA - 4
NAMIBIA - 6
AUSTRALIA - 7
MAURITANIA - 8
SURINAM - 8
BOTSWANA - 8
ICELAND - 8
CANADA - 9
LIBYA - 9
GUYANA - 10
DETAILS OF LEAST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
LEAST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
VATICAN CITY - 921
TUVALU - 11,636
NAURU - 13,048
PALAU - 20,303
SAN MARINO - 28,880
MONACO - 32,409
LIECHTENSTEIN - 33,717
ST KITTS & NEVIS - 38,958
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 59,071
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA - 68,722
DOMINICA - 69,029
ANDORRA - 70,549
VATICAN CITY - 921
TUVALU - 11,636
NAURU - 13,048
PALAU - 20,303
SAN MARINO - 28,880
MONACO - 32,409
LIECHTENSTEIN - 33,717
ST KITTS & NEVIS - 38,958
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 59,071
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA - 68,722
DOMINICA - 69,029
ANDORRA - 70,549
MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRIES
MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRIES(NUMBER REPRESENT PEOPLES PER SQUARE MILE)
MONACO - 43,212
SINGAPORE - 18,220
VATICAN CITY - 5418
MALTA - 3242
MALDIVES - 2836
BANGLADESH - 2743
BAHRAIN - 2663
CHINA - 1838
MAURITITS - 1671
BARBADOS - 1627
MONACO - 43,212
SINGAPORE - 18,220
VATICAN CITY - 5418
MALTA - 3242
MALDIVES - 2836
BANGLADESH - 2743
BAHRAIN - 2663
CHINA - 1838
MAURITITS - 1671
BARBADOS - 1627
DETAILS OF LEAST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
LEAST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
VATICAN CITY - 921
TUVALU - 11,636
NAURU - 13,048
PALAU - 20,303
SAN MARINO - 28,880
MONACO - 32,409
LIECHTENSTEIN - 33,717
ST KITTS & NEVIS - 38,958
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 59,071
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA - 68,722
DOMINICA - 69,029
ANDORRA - 70,549
VATICAN CITY - 921
TUVALU - 11,636
NAURU - 13,048
PALAU - 20,303
SAN MARINO - 28,880
MONACO - 32,409
LIECHTENSTEIN - 33,717
ST KITTS & NEVIS - 38,958
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 59,071
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA - 68,722
DOMINICA - 69,029
ANDORRA - 70,549
LIST OF MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES
CHINA - 1,315,800,000
INDIA - 1,103,400,000
USA - 298,200,000
INDONESIA - 222,800,000
BRAZIL - 186,400,000
CAMEROON - 163,000,000
PAKISTAN - 157,900,000
RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 143,200,000
BANGLADESH - 14,800,000
NIGERIA - 131,500,000
CHINA - 1,315,800,000
INDIA - 1,103,400,000
USA - 298,200,000
INDONESIA - 222,800,000
BRAZIL - 186,400,000
CAMEROON - 163,000,000
PAKISTAN - 157,900,000
RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 143,200,000
BANGLADESH - 14,800,000
NIGERIA - 131,500,000
LIST OF POOREST COUNTRIES
POOREST COUNTRIES (SHOWING AVERAGE INCOME/PERSON MONTHLY IN US$ )
BURUNDI - 90
ETHIOPIA - 110
LIBERIA - 110
CONGO ,DEM. REP. - 120
SOMALIA - 120
GUINEA-BISSAU - 160
MALAWI - 170
ERITREA - 180
SIERRA LEONE - 200
RWANDA - 220
AFGHANISTAN - 222
NIGER - 230
BURUNDI - 90
ETHIOPIA - 110
LIBERIA - 110
CONGO ,DEM. REP. - 120
SOMALIA - 120
GUINEA-BISSAU - 160
MALAWI - 170
ERITREA - 180
SIERRA LEONE - 200
RWANDA - 220
AFGHANISTAN - 222
NIGER - 230
LIST OF RICHEST COUNTRIES
RICHEST COUNTRIES (SHOWING AVERAGE INCOME /PERSON MONTHLY IN US$)
LUXEMBOURG - 56,230
NORWAY
- 52,030
LIECHTENSTEIN - 50,000
SWITZERLAND - 48,230
USA - 41,400
DENMARK - 40,650
ICELAND - 38,620
JAPAN - 37,810
SWEDEN - 35,770
IRELAND - 34,280
LUXEMBOURG - 56,230
NORWAY
- 52,030
LIECHTENSTEIN - 50,000
SWITZERLAND - 48,230
USA - 41,400
DENMARK - 40,650
ICELAND - 38,620
JAPAN - 37,810
SWEDEN - 35,770
IRELAND - 34,280
WORLD TOP LARGEST ISLANDS
LARGEST ISLANDS
GREENLAND - 849,000 sq miles
NEW GUINEA - 312,000 sq miles
BORNEO - 292,222 sq miles
MADAGASCAR - 229,300 sq miles
SUMATRA - 202,300 sq miles
BAFFIN ISLAND - 183,800 sq miles
HONSHU - 88,800 sq miles
BRITAIN - 88,700 sq miles
VICTORIA ISLAND - 81,900 sq miles
ELLESMERE ISLAND - 75,700 sq miles
GREENLAND - 849,000 sq miles
NEW GUINEA - 312,000 sq miles
BORNEO - 292,222 sq miles
MADAGASCAR - 229,300 sq miles
SUMATRA - 202,300 sq miles
BAFFIN ISLAND - 183,800 sq miles
HONSHU - 88,800 sq miles
BRITAIN - 88,700 sq miles
VICTORIA ISLAND - 81,900 sq miles
ELLESMERE ISLAND - 75,700 sq miles
DETAILR OF WORLD SMALLEST COUNTRIES
SMALLEST COUNTRIES
VATICAN CITY - 0.17 sq miles
MONACO - 0.75 sq miles
NAURU - 8.2 sq miles
TUVALU - 10 sq miles
SAN MARINO - 24 sq miles
LIECHTENSTEIN - 62 sq miles
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 70 sq miles
ST. KITTS & NEVIS - 101 sq miles
MALDIVES - 116 sq miles
MALTA - 124 sq miles
VATICAN CITY - 0.17 sq miles
MONACO - 0.75 sq miles
NAURU - 8.2 sq miles
TUVALU - 10 sq miles
SAN MARINO - 24 sq miles
LIECHTENSTEIN - 62 sq miles
MARSHALL ISLANDS - 70 sq miles
ST. KITTS & NEVIS - 101 sq miles
MALDIVES - 116 sq miles
MALTA - 124 sq miles
LIST OF WORLD LARGEST COUNTRIES
LARGEST COUNTRIES
RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 6,592,735 sq miles
CANADA - 3,851,788 sq miles
USA - 3,717,792 sq miles
CHINA - 3,705,386 sq miles
BRAZIL - 3,286,470 sq miles
AUSTRALIA - 2,967,893 sq miles
INDIA - 1,269,339 sq miles
ARGENTINA - 1,068,296 sq miles
KAZAKHSTAN - 1,049,150 sq miles
SUDAN - 967,493 sq miles
RUSSIAN FEDERATION - 6,592,735 sq miles
CANADA - 3,851,788 sq miles
USA - 3,717,792 sq miles
CHINA - 3,705,386 sq miles
BRAZIL - 3,286,470 sq miles
AUSTRALIA - 2,967,893 sq miles
INDIA - 1,269,339 sq miles
ARGENTINA - 1,068,296 sq miles
KAZAKHSTAN - 1,049,150 sq miles
SUDAN - 967,493 sq miles
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
EQUATORIAL GUINEA COUNTRY DETAILS
EQUATORIAL GUINEA (CENTRAL AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of equatorial guinea
FORMATION - 1968 / 1968
CAPITAL - malabo
POPULATION - 504,000 / 47 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 10,830 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish, fang ,bubi
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 90%,other 10%
ETHNIC MIX - fang 85%,other 10% ,bubi 4%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - cfa franc
LITERACY RATE - 84%
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of equatorial guinea
FORMATION - 1968 / 1968
CAPITAL - malabo
POPULATION - 504,000 / 47 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 10,830 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish, fang ,bubi
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 90%,other 10%
ETHNIC MIX - fang 85%,other 10% ,bubi 4%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - cfa franc
LITERACY RATE - 84%
DOMINICA COUNTRY DETAILS
DOMINICA (WEST INDIES)
OFFICIAL NAME - commonwealth of dominica
FORMATION - 1978 / 1978
CAPITAL - roseau
POPULATION - 69,029 billion / 238 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 291 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french creole
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 77 % ,protestant 15% ,other 8%
ETHNIC MIX - black 91% ,mixed race 6% ,carib 2% ,other 1%
GOVERNMENT - parliamemtary state
CURRENCY - eastern caribean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 88%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2763 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - commonwealth of dominica
FORMATION - 1978 / 1978
CAPITAL - roseau
POPULATION - 69,029 billion / 238 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 291 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french creole
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 77 % ,protestant 15% ,other 8%
ETHNIC MIX - black 91% ,mixed race 6% ,carib 2% ,other 1%
GOVERNMENT - parliamemtary state
CURRENCY - eastern caribean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 88%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2763 Calories
CAMEROON COUNTRY DETAILS
CAMEROON (CENTRAL AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of cameroon
FORMATION - 1960 / 1961
CAPITAL - yaounde
POPULATION - 163 million / 907 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 183,567 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french ,bamikeke ,fang ,fulani
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 35% ,traditional beliefs 25% ,muslim 22% ,protestant 18%
ETHNIC MIX - cameroon highlanders 31% ,other 21% ,equatorial bantu 19% ,kirdi 11% ,fulani 10% ,northwestern bantu 8%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - CFA franc
LITERACY RATE - 68%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2273 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of cameroon
FORMATION - 1960 / 1961
CAPITAL - yaounde
POPULATION - 163 million / 907 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 183,567 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french ,bamikeke ,fang ,fulani
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 35% ,traditional beliefs 25% ,muslim 22% ,protestant 18%
ETHNIC MIX - cameroon highlanders 31% ,other 21% ,equatorial bantu 19% ,kirdi 11% ,fulani 10% ,northwestern bantu 8%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - CFA franc
LITERACY RATE - 68%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2273 Calories
CHINA COUNTRY DETAILS
CHINA (EAST ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of china
FORMATION - 960 / 1999
CAPITAL - beijing
POPULATION - 1.32 billion / 365 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 3,705,386 sq mile
LANGUAGES - mandarin ,wu ,cantonese ,hsiang ,min ,hakka ,kan
RELIGIONS - nonreligious 59% ,traditional beliefs 20% ,other 13% ,buddhist 6% ,muslim 2%
ETHNIC MIX - han 92% ,other 6% ,hui 1% ,zhuang 1%
GOVERNMENT - one-party state
CURRENCY -
Renminbi (known as yuan)
LITERACY RATE - 91%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2951 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of china
FORMATION - 960 / 1999
CAPITAL - beijing
POPULATION - 1.32 billion / 365 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 3,705,386 sq mile
LANGUAGES - mandarin ,wu ,cantonese ,hsiang ,min ,hakka ,kan
RELIGIONS - nonreligious 59% ,traditional beliefs 20% ,other 13% ,buddhist 6% ,muslim 2%
ETHNIC MIX - han 92% ,other 6% ,hui 1% ,zhuang 1%
GOVERNMENT - one-party state
CURRENCY -
Renminbi (known as yuan)
LITERACY RATE - 91%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2951 Calories
ERITREA COUNTRY DETAILS
ERITREA (EAST AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - state of eritrea
FORMATION - 1993 / 2002
CAPITAL - asmara
POPULATION - 4.4 million / 97 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 46,842 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic ,tigrinya ,english ,tigre ,afar ,bilen ,kunama ,nara ,saho ,hadareb
RELIGIONS -christian 45% ,muslim 45%,other 10%
ETHNIC MIX - tigray 50% ,tigray ane kunama 40% ,afar 4% ,other 3% ,saho 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY - nakfa
LITERACY RATE - 57%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 1513 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - state of eritrea
FORMATION - 1993 / 2002
CAPITAL - asmara
POPULATION - 4.4 million / 97 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 46,842 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic ,tigrinya ,english ,tigre ,afar ,bilen ,kunama ,nara ,saho ,hadareb
RELIGIONS -christian 45% ,muslim 45%,other 10%
ETHNIC MIX - tigray 50% ,tigray ane kunama 40% ,afar 4% ,other 3% ,saho 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY - nakfa
LITERACY RATE - 57%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 1513 Calories
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC COUNTRY DETAILS
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (WEST INDIES)
OFFICIAL NAME - dominican republic
FORMATION - 1865 / 1865
CAPITAL - santo domingo
POPULATION - 8.9 million / 476 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 18,679 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,french creole
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 92% ,other and nonreligious 8%
ETHNIC MIX - mixed race 75% ,white 15% ,black 10%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - dominican
Republic peso
LITERACY RATE - 88%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2347 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - dominican republic
FORMATION - 1865 / 1865
CAPITAL - santo domingo
POPULATION - 8.9 million / 476 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 18,679 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,french creole
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 92% ,other and nonreligious 8%
ETHNIC MIX - mixed race 75% ,white 15% ,black 10%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - dominican
Republic peso
LITERACY RATE - 88%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2347 Calories
CUBA COUNTRY DETAILS
CUBA (WEST INDIES)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of cuba
FORMATION - 1902 / 1902
CAPITAL - havana
POPULATION - 11.3 million / 264 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 42,803 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 40% ,protestant 1% ,other 4% ,nonreligious 49% ,atheist 6%
ETHNIC MIX - white 66% ,european-african 22% ,black 12%
GOVERNMENT - one party state
CURRENCY - cuban peso
LITERACY RATE - 97%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3152 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of cuba
FORMATION - 1902 / 1902
CAPITAL - havana
POPULATION - 11.3 million / 264 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 42,803 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 40% ,protestant 1% ,other 4% ,nonreligious 49% ,atheist 6%
ETHNIC MIX - white 66% ,european-african 22% ,black 12%
GOVERNMENT - one party state
CURRENCY - cuban peso
LITERACY RATE - 97%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3152 Calories
COLOMBIA COUNTRY DETAILS
COLOMBIA (SOUTH AMERICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of colombia
FORMATION - 1819 / 1903
CAPITAL - bogota
POPULATION - 45.6 million / 114 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 439,733 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,wayuu ,paez and other amerindian languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 95% ,other 5%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 58% ,white 20% ,european-african 14% ,african 4%,african-amerindian 3% ,amerindian 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - colombian peso
LITERACY RATE - 94%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2585 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of colombia
FORMATION - 1819 / 1903
CAPITAL - bogota
POPULATION - 45.6 million / 114 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 439,733 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,wayuu ,paez and other amerindian languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 95% ,other 5%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 58% ,white 20% ,european-african 14% ,african 4%,african-amerindian 3% ,amerindian 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - colombian peso
LITERACY RATE - 94%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2585 Calories
CANADA COUNTRY DETAILS
CANADA (NORTH AMERICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - canada
FORMATION - 1867 / 1949
CAPITAL - ottawa
POPULATION - 32.3 million / 9 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 3,851,788 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french ,chinese ,italian ,german ,ukrainian ,inuktitut ,cree
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 44% ,protestant 29% ,other and nonreligious 27%
ETHNIC MIX - british origin 44% ,french origin 25%, other european 20%,other 11%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - canadian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3589 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - canada
FORMATION - 1867 / 1949
CAPITAL - ottawa
POPULATION - 32.3 million / 9 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 3,851,788 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,french ,chinese ,italian ,german ,ukrainian ,inuktitut ,cree
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 44% ,protestant 29% ,other and nonreligious 27%
ETHNIC MIX - british origin 44% ,french origin 25%, other european 20%,other 11%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - canadian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3589 Calories
BENIN COUNTRY DETAILS
BENIN (WEST AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of benin
FORMATION - 1960 / 1960
CAPITAL - porto-novo
POPULATION - 8.4 million / 197 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 43,483 sq mile
LANGUAGES - french ,fon ,bariba ,yoruba ,adja ,houeda ,somba
RELIGIONS - christian 20% ,muslim 30% ,voodoo 50%
ETHNIC MIX - fon 47% ,adja 12%, bariba 10%,other 31%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - CFA franc
LITERACY RATE - 34%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2548 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of benin
FORMATION - 1960 / 1960
CAPITAL - porto-novo
POPULATION - 8.4 million / 197 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 43,483 sq mile
LANGUAGES - french ,fon ,bariba ,yoruba ,adja ,houeda ,somba
RELIGIONS - christian 20% ,muslim 30% ,voodoo 50%
ETHNIC MIX - fon 47% ,adja 12%, bariba 10%,other 31%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - CFA franc
LITERACY RATE - 34%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2548 Calories
BANGLADESH COUNTRY DETAILS
BANGLADESH (SOUTH ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
BANGLADESH COUNTRY DETAILS
BANGLADESH (SOUTH ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
BANGLADESH COUNTRY DETAILS
BANGLADESH (SOUTH ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
BANGLADESH COUNTRY DETAILS
BANGLADESH (SOUTH ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - people's republic of bangladesh
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - dhaka
POPULATION - 142 million / 2743 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 55,598 sq mile
LANGUAGES - bengali ,urdu ,chakma ,marma, garo ,khasi ,santhali ,tripuri ,mro
RELIGIONS -muslim (mainly sunni) 87% ,hindu 12%,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -bengali 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - taka
LITERACY RATE - 41%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2205 Calories
AUSTRALIA COUNTRY DETAILS
AUSTRALIA (AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
AUSTRALIA COUNTRY DETAILS
AUSTRALIA (AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
AUSTRALIA COUNTRY DETAILS
AUSTRALIA (AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - common wealth of australia
FORMATION - 1901 / 1901
CAPITAL - canberra
POPULATION - 20.2 million / 7 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2,967,893 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,italian ,cantonese ,greek ,arabic ,vietnamese ,aboriginal languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 26% ,anglican 24% ,other 23% ,nonreligious 13% ,united church 8% ,other protestant 6%
ETHNIC MIX - european 92% ,asian 5%, aboriginal and other 3%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - australian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3054 Calories
BOTSWANA COUNTRY DETAILS
BOTSWANA (SOUTHERN AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of botswana
FORMATION - 1966 / 1966
CAPITAL - gaborone
POPULATION - 1.8 million / 8 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 231,803 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,setswana ,shona ,san ,khoikhoi ,isindebele
RELIGIONS - traditional beliefs 50%,christian (mainly protestant) 30% ,other (including muslim )20%
ETHNIC MIX - tswana 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - pula
LITERACY RATE - 79%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2151 Calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of botswana
FORMATION - 1966 / 1966
CAPITAL - gaborone
POPULATION - 1.8 million / 8 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 231,803 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,setswana ,shona ,san ,khoikhoi ,isindebele
RELIGIONS - traditional beliefs 50%,christian (mainly protestant) 30% ,other (including muslim )20%
ETHNIC MIX - tswana 98% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - pula
LITERACY RATE - 79%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2151 Calories
BELIZE COUNTRY DETAILS
BELIZE (CENTRAL AMERICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - belize
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - belmopan
POPULATION - 270,000 / 31 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 8867 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,english creole ,spanish mayan ,garifuna (carib)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 62% ,other 13% ,anglican 12% ,methodist 6% ,mennonite 4% ,seventh-day adventist 3%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 44% ,creole 30% ,maya 11% ,garifuna 7% ,other 4% ,asian indian 4%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - belizean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 77%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION
- 2869 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - belize
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - belmopan
POPULATION - 270,000 / 31 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 8867 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,english creole ,spanish mayan ,garifuna (carib)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 62% ,other 13% ,anglican 12% ,methodist 6% ,mennonite 4% ,seventh-day adventist 3%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 44% ,creole 30% ,maya 11% ,garifuna 7% ,other 4% ,asian indian 4%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - belizean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 77%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION
- 2869 calories
BELIZE COUNTRY DETAILS
BELIZE (CENTRAL AMERICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - belize
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - belmopan
POPULATION - 270,000 / 31 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 8867 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,english creole ,spanish mayan ,garifuna (carib)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 62% ,other 13% ,anglican 12% ,methodist 6% ,mennonite 4% ,seventh-day adventist 3%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 44% ,creole 30% ,maya 11% ,garifuna 7% ,other 4% ,asian indian 4%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - belizean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 77%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION
- 2869 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - belize
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - belmopan
POPULATION - 270,000 / 31 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 8867 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,english creole ,spanish mayan ,garifuna (carib)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 62% ,other 13% ,anglican 12% ,methodist 6% ,mennonite 4% ,seventh-day adventist 3%
ETHNIC MIX - mestizo 44% ,creole 30% ,maya 11% ,garifuna 7% ,other 4% ,asian indian 4%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - belizean dollar
LITERACY RATE - 77%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION
- 2869 calories
BAHRAIN COUNTRY DETAILS
BAHRAIN (SOUTHWEST ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of bahrain
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - manama
POPULATION - 727,000 / 2663 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 239 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic
RELIGIONS - muslim(mainly shi'a) 99%, other 1%
ETHNIC MIX - bahraini 70% ,iranian ,indian and pakistani 24% ,other arab 4% ,european 2%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - bahraini dinar
LITERACY RATE - 88%
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of bahrain
FORMATION - 1971 / 1971
CAPITAL - manama
POPULATION - 727,000 / 2663 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 239 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic
RELIGIONS - muslim(mainly shi'a) 99%, other 1%
ETHNIC MIX - bahraini 70% ,iranian ,indian and pakistani 24% ,other arab 4% ,european 2%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - bahraini dinar
LITERACY RATE - 88%
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
UPDATED NEWS: How To Build, Sign and Install Java MIDlets
UPDATED NEWS: How To Build, Sign and Install Java MIDlets: "~mannuforall~: How To Build, Sign and Install Java MIDlets: " always have trouble building a signed MIDlet and installing it on a hands..."
How To Build, Sign and Install Java MIDlets
~mannuforall~: How To Build, Sign and Install Java MIDlets: " always have trouble building a signed MIDlet and installing it on a handset. No matter whether you buy a code signing certificate or n..."
~mannuforall~: Sony Ericsson MT15i Hallon and LT15i Anzu Android ...
~mannuforall~: Sony Ericsson MT15i Hallon and LT15i Anzu Android ...: "Again some rumor rising with new images and camera samples for a new Sony Ericsson smartphone. This time another Android smartph..."
~mannuforall~: MobiKwik Introduced App for Mobile Phones to Enabl...
~mannuforall~: MobiKwik Introduced App for Mobile Phones to Enabl...: "MobiKwik is an unique online recharge service that enable you to compare plans, Search offers, Buy recharges (topups, offers), bonus/sms pac..."
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA COUNTRY DETAILS
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (SOUTHEAST EUROPE)
OFFICIAL NAME - bosnia and herzegovina
FORMATION - 1992 / 1992
CAPITAL - sarajevo
POPULATION - 3.9 million / 198 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 19,741 sq mile
LANGUAGES - serbo-croat
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 15% ,other 10% ,muslim(mainly sunni) 40%, orthodox christain 31% ,protestant 4%
ETHNIC MIX - bosniak 48% ,serb 38% ,croat 14%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - marka
LITERACY RATE - 95%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2894 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - bosnia and herzegovina
FORMATION - 1992 / 1992
CAPITAL - sarajevo
POPULATION - 3.9 million / 198 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 19,741 sq mile
LANGUAGES - serbo-croat
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 15% ,other 10% ,muslim(mainly sunni) 40%, orthodox christain 31% ,protestant 4%
ETHNIC MIX - bosniak 48% ,serb 38% ,croat 14%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - marka
LITERACY RATE - 95%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2894 calorie
BELGIUM COUNTRY DETAILS
BELGIUM (NORTHWEST EUROPE)
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of belgium
FORMATION - 1830 / 1919
CAPITAL - brussels
POPULATION - 10.4 million / 821 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 11,780 sq mile
LANGUAGES - dutch ,french ,german
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 88% ,other 10% ,muslim 2%
ETHNIC MIX - fleming 58% ,walloon 33%, italian 2% ,moroccan 1%,other 6%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - bahamian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 96%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2755 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of belgium
FORMATION - 1830 / 1919
CAPITAL - brussels
POPULATION - 10.4 million / 821 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 11,780 sq mile
LANGUAGES - dutch ,french ,german
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 88% ,other 10% ,muslim 2%
ETHNIC MIX - fleming 58% ,walloon 33%, italian 2% ,moroccan 1%,other 6%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - bahamian dollar
LITERACY RATE - 96%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2755 calorie
ARGENTINA COUNTRY DETAILS
ARGENTINA (SOUTH AMERICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of argentina
FORMATION - 1816 / 1816
CAPITAL - buenos aires
POPULATION - 38.7 million / 37 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 1,068,296 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,italian ,amerindian languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 90% ,other 6% ,protestant 2%, jewish 2%
ETHNIC MIX - indo-europian 83%, mestizo 14% ,jewish 2% ,amerindian 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - new argentine peso
LITERACY RATE -97%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2992 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of argentina
FORMATION - 1816 / 1816
CAPITAL - buenos aires
POPULATION - 38.7 million / 37 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 1,068,296 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,italian ,amerindian languages
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 90% ,other 6% ,protestant 2%, jewish 2%
ETHNIC MIX - indo-europian 83%, mestizo 14% ,jewish 2% ,amerindian 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - new argentine peso
LITERACY RATE -97%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2992 calorie
BRUNEI COUNTRY DETAILS
BRUNEI (SOUTHEAST ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - sultanate of brunei
FORMATION - 1984 / 1984
CAPITAL - bandar seri begawan
POPULATION - 374,000 / 184 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2228 sq mile
LANGUAGES - malay ,english ,chinese
RELIGIONS - muslim (mainly sunni) 66% ,buddhist 14%,other 10% ,christian 10%
ETHNIC MIX - malay 67% ,chinese 16% ,other 11% ,indigenous 6%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - brunei dollar
LITERACY RATE -93%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2855 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - sultanate of brunei
FORMATION - 1984 / 1984
CAPITAL - bandar seri begawan
POPULATION - 374,000 / 184 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 2228 sq mile
LANGUAGES - malay ,english ,chinese
RELIGIONS - muslim (mainly sunni) 66% ,buddhist 14%,other 10% ,christian 10%
ETHNIC MIX - malay 67% ,chinese 16% ,other 11% ,indigenous 6%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - brunei dollar
LITERACY RATE -93%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2855 calorie
BHUTAN COUNTRY DETAILS
BHUTAN (SOUTH ASIA)
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of bhutan
FORMATION - 1656 / 1865
CAPITAL - thimphu
POPULATION - 2.2 million / 121 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 18,147 sq mile
LANGUAGES - dzongkha ,nepali ,assamese
RELIGIONS - mahayana buddhist 70%, hindu 24% ,other 6%
ETHNIC MIX - bhute 50% ,other 25% ,nepalese 25%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - ngultrum
LITERACY RATE - 47%
OFFICIAL NAME - kingdom of bhutan
FORMATION - 1656 / 1865
CAPITAL - thimphu
POPULATION - 2.2 million / 121 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 18,147 sq mile
LANGUAGES - dzongkha ,nepali ,assamese
RELIGIONS - mahayana buddhist 70%, hindu 24% ,other 6%
ETHNIC MIX - bhute 50% ,other 25% ,nepalese 25%
GOVERNMENT - monarchy
CURRENCY - ngultrum
LITERACY RATE - 47%
BARBADOS COUNTRY DETAILS
BARBADOS (WEST INDIES)
OFFICIAL NAME - barbados
FORMATION - 1966 / 1966
CAPITAL - bridgetown
POPULATION - 270,000 / 1627 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 166 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,bajan(barbadian english)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 4% ,other 24% ,anglican 40%
,nonreligious 17% ,pentecostal 8% ,methodist 7%
ETHNIC MIX - black african 90% ,other 10%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - barbados dollar
LITERACY RATE -99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3091 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - barbados
FORMATION - 1966 / 1966
CAPITAL - bridgetown
POPULATION - 270,000 / 1627 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 166 sq mile
LANGUAGES - english ,bajan(barbadian english)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 4% ,other 24% ,anglican 40%
,nonreligious 17% ,pentecostal 8% ,methodist 7%
ETHNIC MIX - black african 90% ,other 10%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - barbados dollar
LITERACY RATE -99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3091 calorie
AUSTRIA COUNTRY DETAILS
AUSTRIA (CENTRAL EUROPE)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of austria
FORMATION - 1918 / 1919
CAPITAL - vienna
POPULATION - 8.2 million / 257 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 32,378 sq mile
LANGUAGES - german ,croatian ,slovenian , hungarian(magyar)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 78% ,other 8% (including jewish and mushlim) ,nonreligious 9% ,protestant 5%
ETHNIC MIX - austrain 93% ,croat ,slovene and hungarian 6% ,other 1%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - euro
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3673 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of austria
FORMATION - 1918 / 1919
CAPITAL - vienna
POPULATION - 8.2 million / 257 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 32,378 sq mile
LANGUAGES - german ,croatian ,slovenian , hungarian(magyar)
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 78% ,other 8% (including jewish and mushlim) ,nonreligious 9% ,protestant 5%
ETHNIC MIX - austrain 93% ,croat ,slovene and hungarian 6% ,other 1%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - euro
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 3673 calorie
ANGOLA COUNTRY DETAILS
ANGOLA (SOUTHERN AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of angola
FORMATION - 1975 / 1975
CAPITAL - luanda
POPULATION - 15.9 million / 33 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 481,351 sq mile
LANGUAGES - portuguese ,umbundu kimbundu ,kikongo
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 50% ,other 30% ,protestant 20%
ETHNIC MIX - ovimbundu 37% ,other 25% ,kimbundu 25% ,bakongo 13%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - readjusted kwanza
LITERACY RATE -67%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2083 calorie
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of angola
FORMATION - 1975 / 1975
CAPITAL - luanda
POPULATION - 15.9 million / 33 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 481,351 sq mile
LANGUAGES - portuguese ,umbundu kimbundu ,kikongo
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 50% ,other 30% ,protestant 20%
ETHNIC MIX - ovimbundu 37% ,other 25% ,kimbundu 25% ,bakongo 13%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - readjusted kwanza
LITERACY RATE -67%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2083 calorie
ANDORRA COUNTRY DETAILS
ANDORRA
OFFICIAL NAME - principality of andorra
FORMATION - 1278 / 1278
CAPITAL - andorra la vella
POPULATION - 70,549 / 392 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 181 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,catalan ,french ,portuguese
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 94% ,other 6%
ETHNIC MIX - spanish 46% ,andorran 28% ,other 18% ,french 8%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - euro
LITERACY RATE -99%
OFFICIAL NAME - principality of andorra
FORMATION - 1278 / 1278
CAPITAL - andorra la vella
POPULATION - 70,549 / 392 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 181 sq mile
LANGUAGES - spanish ,catalan ,french ,portuguese
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 94% ,other 6%
ETHNIC MIX - spanish 46% ,andorran 28% ,other 18% ,french 8%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - euro
LITERACY RATE -99%
ALBANIA COUNTRY DETAILS
ALBANIA
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of albania
FORMATION - 1912 / 1921
CAPITAL - tirana
POPULATION - 3.1 million / 293 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 11,100 sq mile
LANGUAGES - greek ,albanian
RELIGIONS - sunni muslim 70% ,orthodox christan 20% ,roman catholic 10%
ETHNIC MIX - albanian 93% ,greek 5% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - lek
LITERACY RATE -99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -2848 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of albania
FORMATION - 1912 / 1921
CAPITAL - tirana
POPULATION - 3.1 million / 293 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 11,100 sq mile
LANGUAGES - greek ,albanian
RELIGIONS - sunni muslim 70% ,orthodox christan 20% ,roman catholic 10%
ETHNIC MIX - albanian 93% ,greek 5% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - lek
LITERACY RATE -99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -2848 calories
ALGERIA COUNTRY DETAILS
ALGERIA(NORTH AFRICA)
OFFICIAL NAME - peoples democratic republic of algeria
FORMATION - 1962 / 1962
CAPITAL - algiers
POPULATION - 32.9 million / 36 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 919,590 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic ,tamazight ,french
RELIGIONS - sunni muslim 99% ,christian and jewish 1%
ETHNIC MIX - arab 75% ,berber 24% ,european and jewish 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - algerian dinar
LITERACY RATE -70%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -3022 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - peoples democratic republic of algeria
FORMATION - 1962 / 1962
CAPITAL - algiers
POPULATION - 32.9 million / 36 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 919,590 sq mile
LANGUAGES - arabic ,tamazight ,french
RELIGIONS - sunni muslim 99% ,christian and jewish 1%
ETHNIC MIX - arab 75% ,berber 24% ,european and jewish 1%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - algerian dinar
LITERACY RATE -70%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -3022 calories
BOLIVIA COUNTRY DETAILS
BOLIVIA
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of bolivia
FORMATION - 1825 / 1938
CAPITAL - la paz(administrative) ,sucre (judical)
POPULATION - 9.2 million / 22 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 424,162 sq mile
LANGUAGE - aymara ,quechua ,spanish
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 93% ,other 7%
ETHNIC MIX -europian 10% , quechua 37% ,aymara 32% ,mixed race 13% ,other 8%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY -new boliviano
LITERACY RATE -87%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -2235 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of bolivia
FORMATION - 1825 / 1938
CAPITAL - la paz(administrative) ,sucre (judical)
POPULATION - 9.2 million / 22 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 424,162 sq mile
LANGUAGE - aymara ,quechua ,spanish
RELIGIONS - roman catholic 93% ,other 7%
ETHNIC MIX -europian 10% , quechua 37% ,aymara 32% ,mixed race 13% ,other 8%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY -new boliviano
LITERACY RATE -87%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -2235 calories
BELARUS COUNTRY DETAILS
BELARUS
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of belarus
FORMATION - 1991
CAPITAL - minsk
POPULATION - 9.8 million / 122 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 80,154 sq mile
LANGUAGE - russian ,belarussian
RELIGIONS - orthodox christian 60%, roman catholic 8% ,other 32%
ETHNIC MIX - belarussian 78% ,russian 13%, polish 4%, ukrainian 3% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - belarussian rouble
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -3000 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of belarus
FORMATION - 1991
CAPITAL - minsk
POPULATION - 9.8 million / 122 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 80,154 sq mile
LANGUAGE - russian ,belarussian
RELIGIONS - orthodox christian 60%, roman catholic 8% ,other 32%
ETHNIC MIX - belarussian 78% ,russian 13%, polish 4%, ukrainian 3% ,other 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - belarussian rouble
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -3000 calories
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
OFFICIAL NAME - antigua and barbuda
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - st john's
POPULATION - 68,722 / 404 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 170 sq mile
LANGUAGE - english ,english patois
RELIGIONS - anglican 45% ,other protestant 42% ,roman catholic 10% ,other 2% ,rastafarian 1%
ETHNIC MIX - black african 95% ,others 5%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - eastern caribbean dollar
LITERACY RATE -86%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2349 calories
AFGHANISTAN
OFFICIAL NAME - islamic state of afghanistan
FORMATION - 1919 / 1919
CAPITAL - kabul
POPULATION - 29.9 million / 119 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 250,000 sq mile
LANGUAGE - pashtu, tajik, dari, farsih ,uzbek, turkmen
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 84% ,shi'a murlim 15% ,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -pashtun 38% ,tajik 25% ,hazara 19%, uzbek and turkmen 15% ,other 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY -new afghani
LITERACY RATE -36%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -1539 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - antigua and barbuda
FORMATION - 1981 / 1981
CAPITAL - st john's
POPULATION - 68,722 / 404 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 170 sq mile
LANGUAGE - english ,english patois
RELIGIONS - anglican 45% ,other protestant 42% ,roman catholic 10% ,other 2% ,rastafarian 1%
ETHNIC MIX - black african 95% ,others 5%
GOVERNMENT - parliamentary system
CURRENCY - eastern caribbean dollar
LITERACY RATE -86%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2349 calories
AFGHANISTAN
OFFICIAL NAME - islamic state of afghanistan
FORMATION - 1919 / 1919
CAPITAL - kabul
POPULATION - 29.9 million / 119 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 250,000 sq mile
LANGUAGE - pashtu, tajik, dari, farsih ,uzbek, turkmen
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 84% ,shi'a murlim 15% ,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -pashtun 38% ,tajik 25% ,hazara 19%, uzbek and turkmen 15% ,other 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY -new afghani
LITERACY RATE -36%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -1539 calories
AZERBAIJAN
AZERBAIJAN
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of azerbaijan
FORMATION - 1991 / 1991
CAPITAL - baku
POPULATION - 8.4 million / 251 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 33,436 sq mile
LANGUAGE - azari ,russian
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 26% ,shi'a murlim 68% ,other 1%, russian orthodox 3% ,armenian apostolic church 2%
ETHNIC MIX - azeri 90% ,dagestani 3% ,russian 3%, other 2% ,armenian 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - manat
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2575 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - republic of azerbaijan
FORMATION - 1991 / 1991
CAPITAL - baku
POPULATION - 8.4 million / 251 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 33,436 sq mile
LANGUAGE - azari ,russian
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 26% ,shi'a murlim 68% ,other 1%, russian orthodox 3% ,armenian apostolic church 2%
ETHNIC MIX - azeri 90% ,dagestani 3% ,russian 3%, other 2% ,armenian 2%
GOVERNMENT - presidential system
CURRENCY - manat
LITERACY RATE - 99%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION - 2575 calories
AFGHANISTAN
AFGHANISTAN
OFFICIAL NAME - islamic state of afghanistan
FORMATION - 1919 / 1919
CAPITAL - kabul
POPULATION - 29.9 million / 119 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 250,000 sq mile
LANGUAGE - pashtu, tajik, dari, farsih ,uzbek, turkmen
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 84% ,shi'a murlim 15% ,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -pashtun 38% ,tajik 25% ,hazara 19%, uzbek and turkmen 15% ,other 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY -new afghani
LITERACY RATE -36%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -1539 calories
OFFICIAL NAME - islamic state of afghanistan
FORMATION - 1919 / 1919
CAPITAL - kabul
POPULATION - 29.9 million / 119 people per sq mile
TOTAL AREA - 250,000 sq mile
LANGUAGE - pashtu, tajik, dari, farsih ,uzbek, turkmen
RELIGIONS -sunni mushlim 84% ,shi'a murlim 15% ,other 1%
ETHNIC MIX -pashtun 38% ,tajik 25% ,hazara 19%, uzbek and turkmen 15% ,other 3%
GOVERNMENT - transitional regime
CURRENCY -new afghani
LITERACY RATE -36%
CALORIE CONSUMPTION -1539 calories
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
These are more than 60 disputed borders or territories in the world today . Although many of these disputes can be settled by peaceful negotiation ,some areas have become a focus for international conflict . Ethnic tensions have been a major source of territorial disaggrement throughout history , as has the ownership of , and access to valuable nature resources . The turmoil of the postcolonial era in many parts of africa is partly a result of 19th century carve-up of the continent . Which created potential for conflict by drawing often arbitrary lines through linguistic and cultural areas .
These are more than 60 disputed borders or territories in the world today . Although many of these disputes can be settled by peaceful negotiation ,some areas have become a focus for international conflict . Ethnic tensions have been a major source of territorial disaggrement throughout history , as has the ownership of , and access to valuable nature resources . The turmoil of the postcolonial era in many parts of africa is partly a result of 19th century carve-up of the continent . Which created potential for conflict by drawing often arbitrary lines through linguistic and cultural areas .
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
There are currently 194 indenpendent countries in the world more than at any previous time and 59 dependencies . Antartica is the only land area on earth that is not officially part of and does not belong to any single country
In 1950 the world comprised 82 countries . In decade following many more states came into being as they acheived independence from their former colonial rurals .most recent additions were caused by the breakup of the former soviet union in 1991 ,and the former yugoslavia in 1992 ,which swelled the ranks of independent states . In may 2006 montenegro voted to split from serbia ,making in the latest country to gain independence .
There are currently 194 indenpendent countries in the world more than at any previous time and 59 dependencies . Antartica is the only land area on earth that is not officially part of and does not belong to any single country
In 1950 the world comprised 82 countries . In decade following many more states came into being as they acheived independence from their former colonial rurals .most recent additions were caused by the breakup of the former soviet union in 1991 ,and the former yugoslavia in 1992 ,which swelled the ranks of independent states . In may 2006 montenegro voted to split from serbia ,making in the latest country to gain independence .
SHIFTING BOUNDARIES -POLAND
SHIFTING BOUNDARIES-POLAND
Borders between countries can change dramatically over time . The nations of eastern europe have been particularly affected by changing boundaries . Poland is an example of a country whose boundaries have changing so significantly that it has literally moved around europe . At the start of 16th century . Poland was the largest nation in europe .Between 1772 and 1795 ,it was absorbed into prussia ,austria and russia and it effectively ceased to exist . After the first world war , poland became an independent countary once more . But its border is changed again after second world war following invasions by both soviet russia and nazi germany .
Borders between countries can change dramatically over time . The nations of eastern europe have been particularly affected by changing boundaries . Poland is an example of a country whose boundaries have changing so significantly that it has literally moved around europe . At the start of 16th century . Poland was the largest nation in europe .Between 1772 and 1795 ,it was absorbed into prussia ,austria and russia and it effectively ceased to exist . After the first world war , poland became an independent countary once more . But its border is changed again after second world war following invasions by both soviet russia and nazi germany .
MOUNTAIN BORDERS
MOUNTAIN BORDERS
Mountain ranges from natural barriers and are the basics for many major borders . Particularly in europe and asia . The watershed is the conventional boundary demarcation line , but its accurate determination is often problematic .
Mountain ranges from natural barriers and are the basics for many major borders . Particularly in europe and asia . The watershed is the conventional boundary demarcation line , but its accurate determination is often problematic .
LAKE BORDERS
LAKE BORDERS
Countries which lie next to lakes usually fix their borders in the middle of the lake . Unusually the lake nyasa border between malawi and tanzania runs along tanzania's shore .
Countries which lie next to lakes usually fix their borders in the middle of the lake . Unusually the lake nyasa border between malawi and tanzania runs along tanzania's shore .
ANTARCTICA
ANTARCTICA
When antarctica exploration began a century ago , seven nations , australia , argentina ,britain ,chile , france , new zealand and norway laid claim to the new territory . In 1961 the antarctica treaty , now signed by 45 nations ,agreed to hold all territorial claims in abeyance .
When antarctica exploration began a century ago , seven nations , australia , argentina ,britain ,chile , france , new zealand and norway laid claim to the new territory . In 1961 the antarctica treaty , now signed by 45 nations ,agreed to hold all territorial claims in abeyance .
GEOMETRIC BORDERS
GEOMETRIC BORDERS
Straight lines and lines of longitudinal and latitude have occasionally been used to determine international boundaries and indeed the worlds second largest continuous international boundary between canada and the usa follows the 49th parallel for over one-third of its course . Many canadian ,american and australian internal administrative boundries are similarly determined using a geometric solution .
Straight lines and lines of longitudinal and latitude have occasionally been used to determine international boundaries and indeed the worlds second largest continuous international boundary between canada and the usa follows the 49th parallel for over one-third of its course . Many canadian ,american and australian internal administrative boundries are similarly determined using a geometric solution .
ENCLAVE
ENCLAVE
The shifting political map over the course of history has frequently led to anomalous situations . Parts of nation terretories aggrement forming an enclave . The west german part of the city of berlin , which until 1989 lay a hundreds miles (160 km) within east german territory was a famous example .
The shifting political map over the course of history has frequently led to anomalous situations . Parts of nation terretories aggrement forming an enclave . The west german part of the city of berlin , which until 1989 lay a hundreds miles (160 km) within east german territory was a famous example .
Monday, December 27, 2010
MONEY FLOWS
MONEY FLOWS
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
MONEY FLOWS
MONEY FLOWS
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
MONEY FLOWS
MONEY FLOWS
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
Foreign investment in the developing world during the 1970s led to a global financial crisis in the 1980s ,when many countries were unable to meet their debt repayments . The international monetary fund was forced to reschedule the debts and in some cases ,write them off completely . Within the developing world , austerity programs have been inhitiated to cope with the debt ,leading in turn to high unemployment and galloping inflation . In many parts of africa ,stricken economies are now dependent on international aid .
THE AFFLUENT WEST
THE AFFLUENT WEST
The capital cities of many countries in the developing world are showcases for consumer goods .reflecting the increase importance of the service sector and particularly the retail sector , in the world economy . The idea of shopping as a leisure activity is unique to the western world . Luxury goods and services attract visitors , who in turn generates tourist revenges .
The capital cities of many countries in the developing world are showcases for consumer goods .reflecting the increase importance of the service sector and particularly the retail sector , in the world economy . The idea of shopping as a leisure activity is unique to the western world . Luxury goods and services attract visitors , who in turn generates tourist revenges .
ECONOMIC TIGERS
ECONOMIC ''TIGERS''
The ecomomic tigers of the pacific rim china, singapore and south korea have grown faster than europe and the US over the last decade . Their export and service led economics have benefited from stable govermnent ,low labor cost ,and foreign investment .
The ecomomic tigers of the pacific rim china, singapore and south korea have grown faster than europe and the US over the last decade . Their export and service led economics have benefited from stable govermnent ,low labor cost ,and foreign investment .
BOOMING CITIES
BOOMING CITIES
Since the 1980s the chinese government has set up special industrial zones, such as shanghai ,where foreign investment is encouraged through tax incentives migrants from rural china pour into these regions in search of work creating boomtown economies .
Since the 1980s the chinese government has set up special industrial zones, such as shanghai ,where foreign investment is encouraged through tax incentives migrants from rural china pour into these regions in search of work creating boomtown economies .
URBAN DECAY
URBAN DECAY
Although the US still dominates the global economy ,it faces deficits in both the federal budgets and the balance of trade . Vast discrepancies in personal wealth ,high level of unemployment ,and the dismantling of welfare provisions throughout the 1980s have led to severe deprivation in several of the inner cities of north america's industrial heartland .
Although the US still dominates the global economy ,it faces deficits in both the federal budgets and the balance of trade . Vast discrepancies in personal wealth ,high level of unemployment ,and the dismantling of welfare provisions throughout the 1980s have led to severe deprivation in several of the inner cities of north america's industrial heartland .
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES
In parts of the developing world . People survive by subsistence farming only growing enough food for themselves and their families . With no surplus product ,they are unable to exchange goods for currency ,farmers have been encouraged to concentrate on growing a single crops for the export . This reliance on cash corps leaves farmer vulnerable to crop failure and to change in the market price of the crop .
In parts of the developing world . People survive by subsistence farming only growing enough food for themselves and their families . With no surplus product ,they are unable to exchange goods for currency ,farmers have been encouraged to concentrate on growing a single crops for the export . This reliance on cash corps leaves farmer vulnerable to crop failure and to change in the market price of the crop .
TOURIST MARKET DETAILS
TOURISM MARKET DETAILS
In 2004 ,there were over 700 million tourists worldwide . Tourism is now world's biggest single industry ,employing over 130 million people ,through frequently in low paid skilled jobs . While tourist are increasingly exploding inaccessible and less developed region of the world the benefits of the industry are not always felt at a local level . There are also worries about the environmemt impact of tourism as the worlds last wildernesses increasingly become tourist attraction .
In 2004 ,there were over 700 million tourists worldwide . Tourism is now world's biggest single industry ,employing over 130 million people ,through frequently in low paid skilled jobs . While tourist are increasingly exploding inaccessible and less developed region of the world the benefits of the industry are not always felt at a local level . There are also worries about the environmemt impact of tourism as the worlds last wildernesses increasingly become tourist attraction .
THE DEVELOPING WORLD OF TRADE MARKET
THE DEVELOPING WORLD OF TRADE MARKET
International trade in capital and currency is dominated by the rich nations of the northern hemisphere . In parts of africa and asia ,where exports of any sort are extremely limited , home produced commodities are simply sold in local markets .
International trade in capital and currency is dominated by the rich nations of the northern hemisphere . In parts of africa and asia ,where exports of any sort are extremely limited , home produced commodities are simply sold in local markets .
WORLD WEALTH DISPARITY
WORLD WEALTH DISPARITY
A global assessment of gross domestic product by nation reveals great disparities . The developed world ,with only a quarter of the worlds population has 80% of the world's manufacturing income . Civil war, conflicts and political instability further undetermine the economic self-sufficiency of many of the world's poorest nation .
A global assessment of gross domestic product by nation reveals great disparities . The developed world ,with only a quarter of the worlds population has 80% of the world's manufacturing income . Civil war, conflicts and political instability further undetermine the economic self-sufficiency of many of the world's poorest nation .
NEW STOCK MARKETS
NEW STOCK MARKETS
New stock markets are now opening in many parts of the world ,where economic have recently emerged from state controls . In moscow and beijing and several countries in eastern europe, newly opeaned stock exchanges reflects the transition to market driven economies .
New stock markets are now opening in many parts of the world ,where economic have recently emerged from state controls . In moscow and beijing and several countries in eastern europe, newly opeaned stock exchanges reflects the transition to market driven economies .
WORLD MONEY MARKETS
WORLD MONEY MARKETS
The financial world has traditionally been dominated by three major centres tokyo ,new york and london ,which hours the headquaters of stock exchanges multinational corporations and international banks . Their geographical location means that at any one time in a 24 hours day ,one major market is open for trading in shares ,currencies and commodies . Since the late 1980s ,technological advances have enabled transactions between financial centres to occur at ever greater speed and new markets have sprung up throughout the world .
The financial world has traditionally been dominated by three major centres tokyo ,new york and london ,which hours the headquaters of stock exchanges multinational corporations and international banks . Their geographical location means that at any one time in a 24 hours day ,one major market is open for trading in shares ,currencies and commodies . Since the late 1980s ,technological advances have enabled transactions between financial centres to occur at ever greater speed and new markets have sprung up throughout the world .
SERVICE INDUSTRY
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
service industries such as banking tourism and insurance were the fastest growing industrial sector in the last half of the 20th century . Lloyds of london in the centre of the world insurance market .
service industries such as banking tourism and insurance were the fastest growing industrial sector in the last half of the 20th century . Lloyds of london in the centre of the world insurance market .
INTERNATIONAL TRADE BLOCS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE BLOCS
Are formed when group of countries often already enjoying close military and political ties ,join together to offer mutually preferential terms of trade for both imports and exports . Increasingly global trade is dominated by three main blocks the EU ,NAFTA and ASEAN . They are supplanting older trade blocks such as the commonwealth , a legacy of colonialism .
Are formed when group of countries often already enjoying close military and political ties ,join together to offer mutually preferential terms of trade for both imports and exports . Increasingly global trade is dominated by three main blocks the EU ,NAFTA and ASEAN . They are supplanting older trade blocks such as the commonwealth , a legacy of colonialism .
SHIPPING
SHIPPING
Ships carry 80% of international cargo ,and extensive container ports where cargo is stored ,are vital links in the international transportation network .
Ships carry 80% of international cargo ,and extensive container ports where cargo is stored ,are vital links in the international transportation network .
WORLD ECONOMIC SYSTEM
WORLD ECONOMIC SYSTEM
The wealthy countries of the developed world ,with their aggressive market led economies and their access to protective new technologies and international markets dominate the world econonic system . At the other extreme many of the countries of the developing world are locked in a cycle of national debt, rising populations and unemployment . The state managed economies of the former communist bloc began to be dismantled during the 1990s and china is emerging as a major economic power following decades of isolation .
The wealthy countries of the developed world ,with their aggressive market led economies and their access to protective new technologies and international markets dominate the world econonic system . At the other extreme many of the countries of the developing world are locked in a cycle of national debt, rising populations and unemployment . The state managed economies of the former communist bloc began to be dismantled during the 1990s and china is emerging as a major economic power following decades of isolation .
INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOWS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOWS
World trade acts as a stimulus to national economies encouraging growth . Over the last three decades , as heavy industry have declined , services -banking ,insurance ,tourism, airlines and shipping have taken an increasingly large share of world trade . Manufactured articles now account for nearly two third of world trade raw materials and fond make up less than the quarter of the total .
World trade acts as a stimulus to national economies encouraging growth . Over the last three decades , as heavy industry have declined , services -banking ,insurance ,tourism, airlines and shipping have taken an increasingly large share of world trade . Manufactured articles now account for nearly two third of world trade raw materials and fond make up less than the quarter of the total .
AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA POPULATION DETAILS
AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA POPULATION DETAILS
This is the world most sparsely settled region . The peoples of australia and new zealand live mainly in coastal cities with only scattered settlement in the arid interior . The pacific can only support limited population because of their remoteness lack of resources .
This is the world most sparsely settled region . The peoples of australia and new zealand live mainly in coastal cities with only scattered settlement in the arid interior . The pacific can only support limited population because of their remoteness lack of resources .
AVERAGE WORLD BIRTH RATE
AVERAGE WORLD BIRTH RATE
Birthrates are much higher in africa , asia and south america than europe and north america . Increased affluence and easy access in contraption are both factors which can lead to a significant decline in a country birthrate .
Birthrates are much higher in africa , asia and south america than europe and north america . Increased affluence and easy access in contraption are both factors which can lead to a significant decline in a country birthrate .
AVERAGE WORLD BIRTH RATE
AVERAGE WORLD BIRTH RATE
Birthrates are much higher in africa , asia and south america than europe and north america . Increased affluence and easy access in contraption are both factors which can lead to a significant decline in a country birthrate .
Birthrates are much higher in africa , asia and south america than europe and north america . Increased affluence and easy access in contraption are both factors which can lead to a significant decline in a country birthrate .
WORLD INFANT MORTALITY
WORLD INFANT MORTALITY
In parts of the developing world infact mortality rates are still high access to medical services such as immunization ,adequate nutrition and the promotion of breast feeding have been important in combating infant mortality .
In parts of the developing world infact mortality rates are still high access to medical services such as immunization ,adequate nutrition and the promotion of breast feeding have been important in combating infant mortality .
WORLD NUTRITION
WORLD NUTRITION
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
WORLD NUTRITION
WORLD NUTRITION
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
WORLD LIFE EXPECTANCY
WORLD LIFE EXPECTANCY
Improve public health and living standards have greately increased life expectancy in the developed world , where people can now expect to live twice as long as they did 100 years ago . In many of the world's poorest nations , inadequate nutrition and diseased means that the average life expectancy still does not exceed 45 years .
Improve public health and living standards have greately increased life expectancy in the developed world , where people can now expect to live twice as long as they did 100 years ago . In many of the world's poorest nations , inadequate nutrition and diseased means that the average life expectancy still does not exceed 45 years .
WORLD NUTRITION
WORLD NUTRITION
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
Two third of the world food supply is consumed by industrialized nations many of which have a daily caloric intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight . In contract in the developing world about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs .
POPULATION GROWTH
POPULATION GROWTH
Improvement in food supply and advanced in medicine have both played a major role in the remarkable growth in global population which has increased five fold over the last 150 years . Food supplies have risen with the mechanization of agriculture and improvements in crop yeilds . Better nutrition together with higher standards of public health and sanitathion have led to increased longevity and higher birth rates .
Improvement in food supply and advanced in medicine have both played a major role in the remarkable growth in global population which has increased five fold over the last 150 years . Food supplies have risen with the mechanization of agriculture and improvements in crop yeilds . Better nutrition together with higher standards of public health and sanitathion have led to increased longevity and higher birth rates .
POPULATION STRUCTURE
POPULATION STRUCTURES
Population pyramid are an effective means of showing the ages structures of different countries and highlighting changing trends in population growth and decline . The typical pyramid for a country with a growing ,youthful population is broad-bared ,reflecting a high birth rate and a far large number young rather than elderly people . In contract countries with populations whose number stabilising have a more balanced distribution of people in each age band and may even lower number of peoples in the youngest age range ,indicating both a high life expectancy and that the population is now barely replacing itself . The russian federation shows a marked decline in population due to a combination of a high death rate and low birth rate . The government has taken steps to reverse this trend by providing improved child support and health care . Immigration is also seen as vital to help sustain the population .
Population pyramid are an effective means of showing the ages structures of different countries and highlighting changing trends in population growth and decline . The typical pyramid for a country with a growing ,youthful population is broad-bared ,reflecting a high birth rate and a far large number young rather than elderly people . In contract countries with populations whose number stabilising have a more balanced distribution of people in each age band and may even lower number of peoples in the youngest age range ,indicating both a high life expectancy and that the population is now barely replacing itself . The russian federation shows a marked decline in population due to a combination of a high death rate and low birth rate . The government has taken steps to reverse this trend by providing improved child support and health care . Immigration is also seen as vital to help sustain the population .
POPULATION DETAILS OF AFRICA
POPULATION DETAILS OF AFRICA
The arid climate of much of africa means that settlement of the continental is sparse ,focusing in coastal areas and fertile regions such as the nile valley . Africa still has a high proportion of nomadic agriculturalists ,although many are not becoming setelled and the population is predominantly rural .
The arid climate of much of africa means that settlement of the continental is sparse ,focusing in coastal areas and fertile regions such as the nile valley . Africa still has a high proportion of nomadic agriculturalists ,although many are not becoming setelled and the population is predominantly rural .
POPULATION DETAILS OF ASIA
POPULATION DETAILS OF ASIA
Most asian settlement originally centered around the great river valleys such as the indus , the gangas and the yangtze . Today almost 60% of the world populations lives in asia . Many in burgeoning cities particularly in the economically buoyant pacific rim countries . Even rural population densities are high in many countries practices such as terracing in southeast asia making the most of the available land .
Most asian settlement originally centered around the great river valleys such as the indus , the gangas and the yangtze . Today almost 60% of the world populations lives in asia . Many in burgeoning cities particularly in the economically buoyant pacific rim countries . Even rural population densities are high in many countries practices such as terracing in southeast asia making the most of the available land .
SOUTH AMERICA POPULATION STATUS
SOUTH AMERICA POPULATION STATUS
Most settlement in south america is clustered in a narrow belt in coastal zone in the northern andes . During the 20th century cities such as sao paulo and buenos aires grew enormously acting as powerful economic magnets to the rural population . Shantytowns have grown up on the outskirts of many major cities to house these immigrants often lacking basic amenities .
Most settlement in south america is clustered in a narrow belt in coastal zone in the northern andes . During the 20th century cities such as sao paulo and buenos aires grew enormously acting as powerful economic magnets to the rural population . Shantytowns have grown up on the outskirts of many major cities to house these immigrants often lacking basic amenities .
POPULATION STATUS OF EUROPE
POPULATION STATUS OF EUROPE
With its temperature climate and rich mineral and natural resources . Europe is generally very densely settelled . The continent acts as a magnet for ecnomic migrants from the developing world and immigration is now widely restricted . Birthrates in europes are generally low and in some countries such as germany the populations have stabilized at zero growth with fast growing elderly population .
With its temperature climate and rich mineral and natural resources . Europe is generally very densely settelled . The continent acts as a magnet for ecnomic migrants from the developing world and immigration is now widely restricted . Birthrates in europes are generally low and in some countries such as germany the populations have stabilized at zero growth with fast growing elderly population .
NORTH AMERICA POPULATION STATUS
NORTH AMERICA POPULATION STATUS
The eastern and western seaboards of the US ,with huge expense of interconnected cities ,towns and suburbs are vast ,densely populated megalopolises . Central america and the caribbean also have high population densities . Yet away from the coasts and in the wildernesses of northern canada the land is very sparsely settled .
The eastern and western seaboards of the US ,with huge expense of interconnected cities ,towns and suburbs are vast ,densely populated megalopolises . Central america and the caribbean also have high population densities . Yet away from the coasts and in the wildernesses of northern canada the land is very sparsely settled .
NOMADIC LIFE
NOMADIC LIFE
All the world people were hunter gatherers 10,000 years ago . Today nomads who live by following available food resources account for less than 0.0001% of the world's population . They are mainly pastoral herders , moving their livestock from place to place in search of grazing land .
All the world people were hunter gatherers 10,000 years ago . Today nomads who live by following available food resources account for less than 0.0001% of the world's population . They are mainly pastoral herders , moving their livestock from place to place in search of grazing land .
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
WORLD POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
The earth's population is projected to rise from its current level of about 6.5 billion to reach some 10 billion by 2025 . The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven and is dictated by climate ,terrain and natural and economic sources . The great majority of the earths people live in coastal zones and along river valleys . Desert cover over 20% of the earth surface but support less than 5% of the world population . It is estimated that over half of the world population live in cities most of them in asia as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of job . Many of these people
Live in so called megacities ,some with population as great as 40 million .
WEEDS
WEEDS
Weed such as bindweeds are fast growing easily dispersed and tolerant of a number of different environmental enabling them to quickly colonize suitable habitats . They are among the most adaptable of all plants .
Weed such as bindweeds are fast growing easily dispersed and tolerant of a number of different environmental enabling them to quickly colonize suitable habitats . They are among the most adaptable of all plants .
RESISTING PREDATORS PLANTS
RESISTING PREDATORS PLANTS
A great variety of plant have developed devices including spines poisons ,stinging hairs and unpleasant taste or smell to deter animals predators .
A great variety of plant have developed devices including spines poisons ,stinging hairs and unpleasant taste or smell to deter animals predators .
RESISTING PREDATORS PLANTS
RESISTING PREDATORS PLANTS
A great variety of plant have developed devices including spines poisons ,stinging hairs and unpleasant taste or smell to deter animals predators .
A great variety of plant have developed devices including spines poisons ,stinging hairs and unpleasant taste or smell to deter animals predators .
ANCIENT PLANTS
ANCIENT PLANTS
Some of the world's most primitive plants still exist tnday . Including algae , cycads and many ferns reflecting success with which they have adapted to changing conditions .
Some of the world's most primitive plants still exist tnday . Including algae , cycads and many ferns reflecting success with which they have adapted to changing conditions .
ANCIENT PLANTS
ANCIENT PLANTS
Some of the world's most primitive plants still exist tnday . Including algae , cycads and many ferns reflecting success with which they have adapted to changing conditions .
Some of the world's most primitive plants still exist tnday . Including algae , cycads and many ferns reflecting success with which they have adapted to changing conditions .
PLANT ADAPTATION
PLANT ADAPTATION
Environmental conditions particularly climate soil type and the extent of competition with other organism influence the development of plants into a number of distinctive forms . Similar conditions is quite different parts of the world create similar adaptations in the plants , which may then be modified by other local factors specific to the region .
Environmental conditions particularly climate soil type and the extent of competition with other organism influence the development of plants into a number of distinctive forms . Similar conditions is quite different parts of the world create similar adaptations in the plants , which may then be modified by other local factors specific to the region .
URBAN ANIMALS
URBAN ANIMALS
The growth of cities has reduced the amount of habitat available to many species . A number of animals are now moving closer into urban areas to scavenge from the detritus of the modern city . Rodents particularly rats and mice have existed in cities for thousands of years and many insects especially moths quickly develop new coloring to provide them with camouflage .
The growth of cities has reduced the amount of habitat available to many species . A number of animals are now moving closer into urban areas to scavenge from the detritus of the modern city . Rodents particularly rats and mice have existed in cities for thousands of years and many insects especially moths quickly develop new coloring to provide them with camouflage .
RAIN FORESTS
RAIN FORESTS
Most of the world largest and oldest plants are found in rain forests warmth and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for vast plants like the worlds largest flower rafflesia .
Most of the world largest and oldest plants are found in rain forests warmth and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for vast plants like the worlds largest flower rafflesia .
ENDEMIC SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
Isolated areas such as australia and the island of madagascar , have the greatest range of endemic species . In australia these includes marsupials such as kangaroo which carry their young in pouches on their body . Destruction of habitat ,pollution ,hunting and prediaters introduced by humans are threatening this unique biodiversity .
Isolated areas such as australia and the island of madagascar , have the greatest range of endemic species . In australia these includes marsupials such as kangaroo which carry their young in pouches on their body . Destruction of habitat ,pollution ,hunting and prediaters introduced by humans are threatening this unique biodiversity .
AMAZON RAIN FOREST
AMAZON RAIN FOREST
The vast amazon basin is home to the worlds greately variety of animal species . Animals are adapted to live at many different levels from the treetops to the tangled underground which lies beneth the canopy . The sloth hangs upside down in the branches . Its fur grows from its stomach to its back to enable water to run off quickly .
The vast amazon basin is home to the worlds greately variety of animal species . Animals are adapted to live at many different levels from the treetops to the tangled underground which lies beneth the canopy . The sloth hangs upside down in the branches . Its fur grows from its stomach to its back to enable water to run off quickly .
DESERT ANIMALS
DESERT ANIMALS
Many animals whhch live in the extreme heat and aridity of the desert are able to survive for days or even months with very little food or water . Their bodies are adapted to lose heat quickly and to store fat and water . The gila monster stores fat in its tail .
Many animals whhch live in the extreme heat and aridity of the desert are able to survive for days or even months with very little food or water . Their bodies are adapted to lose heat quickly and to store fat and water . The gila monster stores fat in its tail .
MARINE BIODIVERSITY
MARINE BIODIVERSITY
The ocean supPort a huge variety of different species from the world's largest mammels like whales and dolphins down to the tiniest plantons . The greatest diversities occur in the warmer seas of continental shelves where plants are easily able to photosynthesis and around coral reefs where complex ecosystem are found . On the ocean floor nematodes can exist at a depth of more than 3000 metre below sea level .
The ocean supPort a huge variety of different species from the world's largest mammels like whales and dolphins down to the tiniest plantons . The greatest diversities occur in the warmer seas of continental shelves where plants are easily able to photosynthesis and around coral reefs where complex ecosystem are found . On the ocean floor nematodes can exist at a depth of more than 3000 metre below sea level .
ANIMAL ADAPTATION
ANIMAL ADAPTATION
The degree of an animals adaptability to different climate and conditions is extremely important in ensuring its sucess as a species . Many animals particularly the largest mammels are becoming restricted to ever smaller regions as human developing and modern agriculture practices reduce their natural habitat . In contract humans have been responsible both deliberately and accidentaly for the spread of some of the world's most successful species . Many of these introduced species are now more numerous than the indigenous animal populations .
The degree of an animals adaptability to different climate and conditions is extremely important in ensuring its sucess as a species . Many animals particularly the largest mammels are becoming restricted to ever smaller regions as human developing and modern agriculture practices reduce their natural habitat . In contract humans have been responsible both deliberately and accidentaly for the spread of some of the world's most successful species . Many of these introduced species are now more numerous than the indigenous animal populations .
POLAR ANIMALS
POLAR ANIMALS
The frozen wastes of the polar regions are able to support only a small range of species which derive their nutritional requirement from the sea . Animals such as the walrus have developed insulating fat stocks limbs and double layered coats to enable them to survive in the freezing conditions .
The frozen wastes of the polar regions are able to support only a small range of species which derive their nutritional requirement from the sea . Animals such as the walrus have developed insulating fat stocks limbs and double layered coats to enable them to survive in the freezing conditions .
WETLANDS
WETLANDS
Rarely lying above sea level wetlands and marshes ,swamps and tidal flats . Some with their moist fertile soils are rich feeding ground for fish and breeding grounds for birds . Others little soil structure and are too acidic to support much plants and animals life .
Rarely lying above sea level wetlands and marshes ,swamps and tidal flats . Some with their moist fertile soils are rich feeding ground for fish and breeding grounds for birds . Others little soil structure and are too acidic to support much plants and animals life .
BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY
The number of plants and animals Species and the range of genetic diversity within the population of each species make up the earths biodiversity . The plants and animals which are endemic to a region that is , those which are found nowhere else the world are also important in determining levels of biodiversity . Human settlement and intervention have encroached on many areas of the world once rich in endemic plant and animal species . Increasing international efforts are being to monitor and conserve the biodiversity of the earth remaining wild places .
The number of plants and animals Species and the range of genetic diversity within the population of each species make up the earths biodiversity . The plants and animals which are endemic to a region that is , those which are found nowhere else the world are also important in determining levels of biodiversity . Human settlement and intervention have encroached on many areas of the world once rich in endemic plant and animal species . Increasing international efforts are being to monitor and conserve the biodiversity of the earth remaining wild places .
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS
Characterized by year-round warmth and high rain fall forests contains the highest diversity of plant and animals species on earth .
Characterized by year-round warmth and high rain fall forests contains the highest diversity of plant and animals species on earth .
DRY WOODLANDS
DRY WOODLANDS
Trees and shrubs adapted to dry conditions grow widely spaced from one another interspersed by savannah grasslands .
Trees and shrubs adapted to dry conditions grow widely spaced from one another interspersed by savannah grasslands .
TROPICAL AND TEMPERATURE GRASSLANDS
TROPICAL AND TEMPERATURE GRASSLANDS
The major grasslands areas are found in the centres of the larger continent landmasses . In africa's tropical savannah regions seasonal rainfall alternates with drought . Temperature grasslands also known as steppes and prairies are found in the northern hemispherd and in south america where they are also known as the pampas .
The major grasslands areas are found in the centres of the larger continent landmasses . In africa's tropical savannah regions seasonal rainfall alternates with drought . Temperature grasslands also known as steppes and prairies are found in the northern hemispherd and in south america where they are also known as the pampas .
MEDITERRANEAN FOREST
MEDITERRANEAN FOREST
Hot dry summer and short winter typify these areas which were once covered by evergreen shrubs and woodland but have now been cleared by humans for agriculture .
Hot dry summer and short winter typify these areas which were once covered by evergreen shrubs and woodland but have now been cleared by humans for agriculture .
TEMPERATURE RAIN FOREST
TEMPERATURE RAIN FOREST
In warmer wetter areas such as southern china temperature deciduous forests are replaced by evergreen forests .
In warmer wetter areas such as southern china temperature deciduous forests are replaced by evergreen forests .
BROADLEAF FOREST
BROADLEAF FORESTS
Much of the northern hemisphere was once covered by deciduous forest which occured in areas with major seasonal variations . Most deciduous forests has been cleared for human settlement.
Much of the northern hemisphere was once covered by deciduous forest which occured in areas with major seasonal variations . Most deciduous forests has been cleared for human settlement.
NEEDLEAF FOREST
NEEDLELEAF FORESTS
With milder summers than the tundra and less wind these areas are able to support large forests of coniferous trees .
With milder summers than the tundra and less wind these areas are able to support large forests of coniferous trees .
TUNDRA FOREST
TUNDRA
A isolate with long dark freezing winters and short cold summer . With virtually no soil and large area of permantely frozen ground known as permafrost the tundra is largely treeless , through it is briefly clothed by small flowering plants in the summer months .
A isolate with long dark freezing winters and short cold summer . With virtually no soil and large area of permantely frozen ground known as permafrost the tundra is largely treeless , through it is briefly clothed by small flowering plants in the summer months .
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
The earth can be divided into a series of biogrophical region or biomes , ecological communities where certain species of plant and animals coexist within particular climate conditions within these broad classification other factors including soil richness ,altitudes and human activities such as urbanization , intensive agriculture and deforestation intensive agriculture and deforestation affects the local distribution of living species within the biome .
The earth can be divided into a series of biogrophical region or biomes , ecological communities where certain species of plant and animals coexist within particular climate conditions within these broad classification other factors including soil richness ,altitudes and human activities such as urbanization , intensive agriculture and deforestation intensive agriculture and deforestation affects the local distribution of living species within the biome .
Sunday, December 26, 2010
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
In general , ocean currents parallel the movement of wind across the earth surface . Incoming solar energy is greatest at the equator and least at the poles . So water in the oceans heat up most at the equator and flow polewards ,cooling as moves north or south towards the arctic or antarctic . The flow is eventually reverse and cold water currents move back towards the equator . These oceans currents are as a vast system for moving heat from the equator towards the poles and a major influence on the distribution of the earth climate .
RISE IN TEMPERATURE OF EARTH
TEMPERATURE RISING OF EARTH
The world can be divided into three major climate zones stretching like large belts across the latitudes the tropics which are warmer the cold polar region and the temperature zones which lie between them . Temperatures across the earth range from above 30 degree in deserts to as low as -55 degree at the poles .temperature is also controlled by altitudes because air becomes cooler and less dense the higher it gets , mountains regions are typically colder than those areas which are at , or closer to sea level .
The world can be divided into three major climate zones stretching like large belts across the latitudes the tropics which are warmer the cold polar region and the temperature zones which lie between them . Temperatures across the earth range from above 30 degree in deserts to as low as -55 degree at the poles .temperature is also controlled by altitudes because air becomes cooler and less dense the higher it gets , mountains regions are typically colder than those areas which are at , or closer to sea level .
CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE
The earth is currently in a warm phase between ice ages . Warmer temperature result in higher sea levels as more of the polar ice caps melt . Most of the world population lives near coasts so anychange which might cause sea label to rise could have a potentially Disastrous impact .
The earth is currently in a warm phase between ice ages . Warmer temperature result in higher sea levels as more of the polar ice caps melt . Most of the world population lives near coasts so anychange which might cause sea label to rise could have a potentially Disastrous impact .
DEFINE HIGH OR LOW WATER TIDES
HIGH AND LOW TIDES
The highest tides occurs when the earth , the moon and the sun are aligned . The lowest tides are experienced when the sun and moon align at right angles to one another .
The highest tides occurs when the earth , the moon and the sun are aligned . The lowest tides are experienced when the sun and moon align at right angles to one another .
GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION
GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION
air doer not simply flow from the equator to the poles , it circulates in giant cells known as hadley and ferrel cells . As air warms it expands becoming less dense and rising this creates areas of low pressure . As the air rises it cools and condense causing heavy rainfall over the tropics and slight snowfall over the poles . This cool air then sinks forming high pressure belts . At surface level in the tropics these sinking currents are deflected poleward as the westerlies and towards the equator the equator as trade winds. At the poles they become the polar eastern .
air doer not simply flow from the equator to the poles , it circulates in giant cells known as hadley and ferrel cells . As air warms it expands becoming less dense and rising this creates areas of low pressure . As the air rises it cools and condense causing heavy rainfall over the tropics and slight snowfall over the poles . This cool air then sinks forming high pressure belts . At surface level in the tropics these sinking currents are deflected poleward as the westerlies and towards the equator the equator as trade winds. At the poles they become the polar eastern .
DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT
DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT
Storms ,earthquakes and volcanic activity trigger underwater currents known as turbidity currents which scours sand and gravel fqom the continental shelf creating underground canyons . These strong currents pick up material deposited at river mouths and deltas and carry it across the continental shelf and through the underground canyons where it is eventually laid down on the ocean floor in the form of fans .
Storms ,earthquakes and volcanic activity trigger underwater currents known as turbidity currents which scours sand and gravel fqom the continental shelf creating underground canyons . These strong currents pick up material deposited at river mouths and deltas and carry it across the continental shelf and through the underground canyons where it is eventually laid down on the ocean floor in the form of fans .
SURFACE OR GROUND WATER DETAILS
SURFACE WATER
Ocean currents move warm water away from the equator toward the poles while cold water is in turn moved towards the equator . This is the main way in which the earth distributes surface heat and is a major climatic control. Approximately 4000 millions years ago , the earth was dominated by oceans and there was no land to interrupt the flow of the currents which would have flowed as straight lines, simply influenced by the earth rotation .
Ocean currents move warm water away from the equator toward the poles while cold water is in turn moved towards the equator . This is the main way in which the earth distributes surface heat and is a major climatic control. Approximately 4000 millions years ago , the earth was dominated by oceans and there was no land to interrupt the flow of the currents which would have flowed as straight lines, simply influenced by the earth rotation .
THE GREAT OCEAN
THE GREAT OCEAN
There are five oceans on earth the pacific , atlantic and southern oceans and the much smalles arctic ocean . There 5 ocean basins are relatively young having evolved within the last 80 million years . One of the most recent plate collision between the eurasian and african plates created the present day arrangement of continents and oceans .
There are five oceans on earth the pacific , atlantic and southern oceans and the much smalles arctic ocean . There 5 ocean basins are relatively young having evolved within the last 80 million years . One of the most recent plate collision between the eurasian and african plates created the present day arrangement of continents and oceans .
SEA LEVEL
SEA LEVEL
If the influence of tides ,winds ,currents and variations in gravity were ignored the surface of the earth oceans would closely follow the topography of the ocean floor ,with an underground ridges 915 metre high producing a rise of up to 1 metre in the level of the surface of ocean water .
If the influence of tides ,winds ,currents and variations in gravity were ignored the surface of the earth oceans would closely follow the topography of the ocean floor ,with an underground ridges 915 metre high producing a rise of up to 1 metre in the level of the surface of ocean water .
OCEAN STRUCTURE DETAILS
OCEAN STRUCTURE
The continental shelf is a shallow , flat seabed surrounding the earths continent . It extends to the continental slope , which falls to the ocean floor . Here the flat abyssal plains are interrupted by vast , underwater mountain ranges , the mid ocean trenches which plunges to depth of 10,920 metre .
The continental shelf is a shallow , flat seabed surrounding the earths continent . It extends to the continental slope , which falls to the ocean floor . Here the flat abyssal plains are interrupted by vast , underwater mountain ranges , the mid ocean trenches which plunges to depth of 10,920 metre .
BLACK SMOKERS
BLACK SMOKERS
These vents in the ocean floor disgorge hot, sulphur rich water from deep in the earth crust . Despite the great depths , a variety of lifeforms have adapted to the chemical rich environment which surrounds black smokers.
These vents in the ocean floor disgorge hot, sulphur rich water from deep in the earth crust . Despite the great depths , a variety of lifeforms have adapted to the chemical rich environment which surrounds black smokers.
DEFINE FJORDS
FJORDS
Fjords are ancient glacial valleys flooded by sea following the end of a period of glaciation . Beneath the water , the valley floor can be 4000 ft deep.
Fjords are ancient glacial valleys flooded by sea following the end of a period of glaciation . Beneath the water , the valley floor can be 4000 ft deep.
DEFINE CIRQUES
CIRQUES
Cirques are basin shaped hollows which mark the head of a glaciated valley . Where neighboring cirques meet , they are divided by sharp rock ridges called aretes . It is these aretes which give the matterhorn its chateristics profile.
Cirques are basin shaped hollows which mark the head of a glaciated valley . Where neighboring cirques meet , they are divided by sharp rock ridges called aretes . It is these aretes which give the matterhorn its chateristics profile.
DEFINE ERIGLACIATION
PERIGLACIATION
Periglacial areas occur near to the edge of ice sheet . A layer of frozen ground lying just beneath the surface of land is known as permafrost . When the surface melts in the summer , the water is unable to drain into the frozen ground and so creeps downhill . Process known as solifluction .
Periglacial areas occur near to the edge of ice sheet . A layer of frozen ground lying just beneath the surface of land is known as permafrost . When the surface melts in the summer , the water is unable to drain into the frozen ground and so creeps downhill . Process known as solifluction .
ICE SHATTERING
ICE SHATTERING
Water drips into the fissures in the rock and freezes , expanding as it does so. The pressure weakens the rock ,causing it to crack and eventually to scatter into polygonal patterns .
Water drips into the fissures in the rock and freezes , expanding as it does so. The pressure weakens the rock ,causing it to crack and eventually to scatter into polygonal patterns .
WHAT IS DESERT ABRASION
DESERT ABRASION
Abrasion creates a wide range of desert landforms from faceted pebblds and wind ripples in the sand , to large scale features such as yardangs and scoured desert pavements .
Abrasion creates a wide range of desert landforms from faceted pebblds and wind ripples in the sand , to large scale features such as yardangs and scoured desert pavements .
WHAT IS DUNES AND TYPE OF DUNES
DUNES
Dunes are shaped by wind direction and sand supply . Where sand supply is limited ,crescent shaped barchan dunes are formed
Types of dune :-
1) transverse dune
2)barchan dune
3)linear dune
4)star dune
Dunes are shaped by wind direction and sand supply . Where sand supply is limited ,crescent shaped barchan dunes are formed
Types of dune :-
1) transverse dune
2)barchan dune
3)linear dune
4)star dune
POST GLACIAL FEATURES
POST-GLACIAL FEATURES
When a glacial episode ends , the retreating ice leaves many features . These includes depositional ridges called moraines , which may be eroded into low hills known as drumlins ,sinuous ridges called eskers ,kames which are rounded hummocks depressions known as kettle holes and windblown losses deposit .
When a glacial episode ends , the retreating ice leaves many features . These includes depositional ridges called moraines , which may be eroded into low hills known as drumlins ,sinuous ridges called eskers ,kames which are rounded hummocks depressions known as kettle holes and windblown losses deposit .
GLACIAL VALLEY
GLACIAL VALLEY
Glaciers can erode much more powerfully than river . They form steep-sided flat bottomed valleys with a typical U-shaped profile. Valleys created by tributary glaciers , whose floors have not been eroded to the same depth as the main glacial valley floor are called hanging valleys .
GLACIAL VALLEY
Glaciers can erode much more powerfully than river . They form steep-sided flat bottomed valleys with a typical U-shaped profile. Valleys created by tributary glaciers , whose floors have not been eroded to the same depth as the main glacial valley floor are called hanging valleys .
Glaciers can erode much more powerfully than river . They form steep-sided flat bottomed valleys with a typical U-shaped profile. Valleys created by tributary glaciers , whose floors have not been eroded to the same depth as the main glacial valley floor are called hanging valleys .
GLACIAL VALLEY
Glaciers can erode much more powerfully than river . They form steep-sided flat bottomed valleys with a typical U-shaped profile. Valleys created by tributary glaciers , whose floors have not been eroded to the same depth as the main glacial valley floor are called hanging valleys .
Saturday, December 25, 2010
BASALT
BASALT
Basalt is an igneous rock ,formed when small quantities of magma lying close to earths surface cool rapidly.
Basalt is an igneous rock ,formed when small quantities of magma lying close to earths surface cool rapidly.
DRAINAGE BASINS
DRAINAGE BASINS
The drainage basins is the area of land drained by a major trunk river and its smaller branch river or tributaries . Drainage branch are seperated from one another by natural boundraies known as watersheds .
The drainage basins is the area of land drained by a major trunk river and its smaller branch river or tributaries . Drainage branch are seperated from one another by natural boundraies known as watersheds .
BEST LANDSLIDES
LANDSLIDES
Heavy rain and associated flooding on slopes han loosen underlying rocks , which crumble .causing the top layer of rock and soil to slip .
Heavy rain and associated flooding on slopes han loosen underlying rocks , which crumble .causing the top layer of rock and soil to slip .
DELTA FORMATION
DELTAS
When a river deposit its load of slit and sediment (alluvium) on entering the sea , it may form a delta . As these materials accumulates it chokes the mouth of the river forcing it to create new channel to reach the sea .
When a river deposit its load of slit and sediment (alluvium) on entering the sea , it may form a delta . As these materials accumulates it chokes the mouth of the river forcing it to create new channel to reach the sea .
DEFINATION MEANDERS
MEANDERS
In their lower courses , river flow slowly . As they flow across the lowlands . They form looping bends called meanders .
In their lower courses , river flow slowly . As they flow across the lowlands . They form looping bends called meanders .
DEFINATION MEANDERS
MEANDERS
In their lower courses , river flow slowly . As they flow across the lowlands . They form looping bends called meanders .
In their lower courses , river flow slowly . As they flow across the lowlands . They form looping bends called meanders .
DEPOSITION BY RIVER
DEPOSITION BY RIVER :-
When river have deposited large quantities of fertile alluvium , they are forced to find new channel through the alluvium deposits creating braided river system .
When river have deposited large quantities of fertile alluvium , they are forced to find new channel through the alluvium deposits creating braided river system .
COASTAL WATER AREA
COASTAL WATER
The world's coastline are constantly changing every day tides, deposit ,sift and sort sand , and gravel on the shoreline . Over longer periods , powerful wave action erodes cliffs and headlands and carves out bays .
The world's coastline are constantly changing every day tides, deposit ,sift and sort sand , and gravel on the shoreline . Over longer periods , powerful wave action erodes cliffs and headlands and carves out bays .
SHAPING THE LAND BY RIVER
SHAPING THE LAND BY RIVER :-
Rivers erode the land by grinding and dissolve rocks and stones. Most erosion occurs in the river's upper course as it flows through highland area's . Rock fragments are moved along the river bed by fast flowing water and deposited in areas where the rives slows down , such as flat plains or where the river enters seas or lakes .
Rivers erode the land by grinding and dissolve rocks and stones. Most erosion occurs in the river's upper course as it flows through highland area's . Rock fragments are moved along the river bed by fast flowing water and deposited in areas where the rives slows down , such as flat plains or where the river enters seas or lakes .
GROUNDWATER AND WATERTABLE
GROUNDWATER AND WATER TABLE
In regions where there are porous rocks such as chalk, water is stored underground in large quantities ,these reservoirs of water are known as aquifers . Rain percolates through topsoil into the underlying bedrock , creating an underground store of water . The limit of the saturated zone is called the water table.
In regions where there are porous rocks such as chalk, water is stored underground in large quantities ,these reservoirs of water are known as aquifers . Rain percolates through topsoil into the underlying bedrock , creating an underground store of water . The limit of the saturated zone is called the water table.
WATERFALL
WATERFALL such as the iguacu falls on the border between argentina and southern brazil , erode the underlying rock , causimg the falls to retreat.
TOTAL WATER AREA ON LAND
WATER AREA ON LAND :-
Less than 2% of the world water is on the land . But it is the most powerful agent of landscape change . Water as rainfall , groundwater and rivers can transform landscapes through both erosion and deposition . Eroded material carried by rivers forms the world's most fertile soils .
Less than 2% of the world water is on the land . But it is the most powerful agent of landscape change . Water as rainfall , groundwater and rivers can transform landscapes through both erosion and deposition . Eroded material carried by rivers forms the world's most fertile soils .
SHAPING THE EARTH LANDSCAPE
SHAPING THE LANDSCAPE :-
The basic material of the earth surface is solid rock , valleys ,deserts , soil and sand are all evidence of the powerful agends of weathering ,erosion and deposition which constantly shape and transform the earth's landscape . Water , either flowing continually in river or seas or frozen and compacted into solid sheets of ice , has the most clearly visible impact on the earth's surface . But wind can transport fragments of rock over huge distance and strip away protective layer of vegetation , exposing rock surface to the impact of extreme heat and cold .
The basic material of the earth surface is solid rock , valleys ,deserts , soil and sand are all evidence of the powerful agends of weathering ,erosion and deposition which constantly shape and transform the earth's landscape . Water , either flowing continually in river or seas or frozen and compacted into solid sheets of ice , has the most clearly visible impact on the earth's surface . But wind can transport fragments of rock over huge distance and strip away protective layer of vegetation , exposing rock surface to the impact of extreme heat and cold .
DEFINE SCHIST
Schist is a metamorphic rock formed during mountains building when temperature and pressure are comparatively high. Both mudstone and shales reform into schist under these conditions.
WHAT IS ANDERSITE
ANDERSITE is a extrusive igneous rock formed from magma which has solidified on the earths crust after a volcanic eruption.
WHAT IS GRANITE
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock formed from magma which has solidified deep within the earths crust . The magma cools slowly producing a coarse grained rock .
SANDSTONE DETAILS
Sandstone are sedimentary rocks formed mainly in desert , beaches and deltas . Desert sandstones are formed of grains of quartz which have been well rounded by wind erosion.
DETAILS OF LIMESTONE
LIMESTONE
Limestone is a sedimentary rock which formed mainly from the calcite skeletons of marine animals which have been compressed into rock.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock which formed mainly from the calcite skeletons of marine animals which have been compressed into rock.
THE EARTH'S GEOLOGY
THE EARTH'S GEOLOGY :-
The earth's rocks are created in a continual cycle . Exposed rocks are weathered and eroded by wind ,water ,and chemicals and deposited as sediments . If they pass into the earth's crust they will be transformed by high temperatures and pressures into metamorphic rocks or they will melt and solidify as igneous rock.
The earth's rocks are created in a continual cycle . Exposed rocks are weathered and eroded by wind ,water ,and chemicals and deposited as sediments . If they pass into the earth's crust they will be transformed by high temperatures and pressures into metamorphic rocks or they will melt and solidify as igneous rock.
WHAT IS BASALT
BASALT
Basalt is an igneous rock ,formed when small quantities of magma lying close to earths surface cool rapidly.
Basalt is an igneous rock ,formed when small quantities of magma lying close to earths surface cool rapidly.
Friday, December 24, 2010
GNEISS DETAILS
GNEISS
Gneiss is a metamorphic rock made at great depth during the formation chains ,when intense heat and pressure transform sedimentary or igneour rocks .
Gneiss is a metamorphic rock made at great depth during the formation chains ,when intense heat and pressure transform sedimentary or igneour rocks .
CREATION THE HIMALAYAS
CREATION OF THE HIMALAYAS
Between 10 and 20 million years ago ,the indian subcontinent , part of the ancient continent of gondwanaland ,collided with the continent of asia. The indo-australia plate continued to move northward displacing continental crust and uplifting the himalayas ,the world hightest mountain chain.
Between 10 and 20 million years ago ,the indian subcontinent , part of the ancient continent of gondwanaland ,collided with the continent of asia. The indo-australia plate continued to move northward displacing continental crust and uplifting the himalayas ,the world hightest mountain chain.
THE HAWAIIAN ISLAND CHAIN
THE HAWAIIAN ISLAND CHAIN
A hot spot lying deep beneth the pacific ocean pushes a plume of magma from the earths mantle up through the pacific plates to form volcanic islands. While the hot spot remains stationary ,the plate on which the island sit is moving slowly . A long chain of islands has been created as the plate passes over the hot spot.
A hot spot lying deep beneth the pacific ocean pushes a plume of magma from the earths mantle up through the pacific plates to form volcanic islands. While the hot spot remains stationary ,the plate on which the island sit is moving slowly . A long chain of islands has been created as the plate passes over the hot spot.
CONTINENTAL SHEILDS
CONTINENTAL SHEILDS
The centres of the earth's continents ,known as sheilds ,were established between 2500 and 500 millions years ago ,some certain rocks over three billion years old . They were formed by a series of turbulent events ,plate movements , earthquakes ,and volcanic eruptions . Since the pre-cambrian period ,over 570 million year ago ,they have experienced little tectonic activity ,and today ,these flat ,low-lying slabs of solidified molten rock from the stable centres of the continents . They are bounded or covered by successive belts of younger sedimentary rock.
The centres of the earth's continents ,known as sheilds ,were established between 2500 and 500 millions years ago ,some certain rocks over three billion years old . They were formed by a series of turbulent events ,plate movements , earthquakes ,and volcanic eruptions . Since the pre-cambrian period ,over 570 million year ago ,they have experienced little tectonic activity ,and today ,these flat ,low-lying slabs of solidified molten rock from the stable centres of the continents . They are bounded or covered by successive belts of younger sedimentary rock.
CAMBRAIN PERIOD OF EARTH
1) CAMBRAIN PERIOD OF EARTH
570-510 million years ago . Most continents are in tropical latiludes . The supercontinent of gondwanaland reaches the south pole.
570-510 million years ago . Most continents are in tropical latiludes . The supercontinent of gondwanaland reaches the south pole.
DEVONIAN PERIOD OF EARTH
2) DEVONIAN PERIOD OF EARTH
408-362 million year ago . The continents of gondwanaland and laurentia are drifting northward.
408-362 million year ago . The continents of gondwanaland and laurentia are drifting northward.
CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD OF EARTH
3) CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD OF EARTH
362-290 million years ago. The earth is dominated by three continents ,laurentia,angaraland gondwanaland.
362-290 million years ago. The earth is dominated by three continents ,laurentia,angaraland gondwanaland.
TRIASSIC PERIOD OF EARTH
4) TRIASSIC PERIOD OF EARTH
245-208 million years ago . All three major continents have joined to form the super-continent of pangea.
245-208 million years ago . All three major continents have joined to form the super-continent of pangea.
TERTIARY PERIOD OF EARTH
7) TERTIARY PERIOD OF EARTH
65-2 million years ago .although the world geography is becoming more recognizable ,major events such as the creation of the himalaya mountain chain, are still to occur this period.
65-2 million years ago .although the world geography is becoming more recognizable ,major events such as the creation of the himalaya mountain chain, are still to occur this period.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)